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Waterpipe smoking and dependence are associated with chronic bronchitis: a case-control study in Lebanon

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Abstract
Waterpipe smoking and its association with chronic bronchitis has not been assessed in Lebanon. This case-control study in Beirut in 2009/2010 evaluated this relationship: 274 cases of chronic bronchitis and 559 controls without the condition aged >/=40 years were enrolled. Data were collected by questionnaire on: sociodemographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms, smoking [‎waterpipe and cigarette]‎ and nicotine dependence. ANOVA, Student, Kruskal-Wallis, chi-squared and Fisher exact tests were used when applicable and logistic regression analysis was carried out. Previous waterpipe smoking [‎OR = 6.4]‎, previous mixed smoking [‎OR = 38.03]‎ and current mixed smoking [‎OR = 7.68]‎ were significantly associated with chronic bronchitis [‎P < 0.001 for all]‎ but current exclusive waterpipe smoking was not [‎OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 0.74-4.72]‎. Current waterpipe dependence was significantly associated with chronic bronchitis [‎OR = 3.74, P < 0.001]‎. After adjustment for covariates/confounders, ever waterpipe smoking > 20 WP-years [‎P < 0.001]‎ was significantly associated with chronic bronchitis
Citation
Salameh, P., Waked, M., Khoury, F., Akiki, Z., Nasser, Z. et al. (‎2012)‎. Waterpipe smoking and dependence are associated with chronic bronchitis: a case-control study in Lebanon. http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/118498
Relation
EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 18 (‎10)‎, 996 -1004, 2012
Description
996 -1004
ISSN
1020-3397
Other Identifiers
http://applications.emro.who.int/emhj/v18/10/2012_18_10_996_1004.pdf
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  • EMRO Journal Articles (‎EMHJ)‎
Language
English
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