This report, with a focus on sustainable access to new medicines, reviews policies that affect medicines throughout their lifecycle (‎from research and development to disinvestment)‎, examining the current evidence base across Europe. While many European countries have not traditionally required active priority-setting for access to medicines, appraising new medicines using pharmacoeconomics is increasingly seen as critical in order to improve efficiency in spending while maintaining an appropriate balance between access and cost–effectiveness. ...

This report summarizes the evidence on the social determinants of health and the built environment with special reference to the role of local government across countries in the WHO European Region. It draws on the findings of the global Commission on Social Determinants of Health and the European review of social determinants of health and the health divide. Through its leadership, local government has a significant role to play in working across sectors and with civil society partners to support and accelerate action to address the ...

Today, violence is a social problem affecting all age groups. It is very difficult to estimate the magnitude of violence including maltreatment of children. Official figures are considered to be merely the tip of the iceberg. This study on adverse childhood experiences (‎ACEs)‎ was conducted in 2 257 university students in order to provide evidence-based data about the magnitude of this problem in Turkey. Another aim of the study was to examine relationship between exposure to ACE and health risk behaviours and selected health consequences. ...

The European Region of the World Health Organization (‎WHO)‎ has the highest per capita levels of alcohol consumption in the world. Drinking patterns and levels of interpersonal violence (‎such as homicide)‎ vary widely throughout the Region. However, across all of Europe, health and criminal justice studies increasingly highlight the role of alcohol consumption in people becoming victims of violence and perpetrators of violence. This policy brief presents the magnitude of the problem, and outlines a range of factors which can increase individuals' ...

A penetrating analysis of what governments can do to reduce the scale of alcohol-related problems through the design and implementation of national policies. In nine chapters, international experts present research results and experiences useful in clarifying the many alternative approaches and disputed issues generated by the complexities of alcohol control. Concerned with providing concrete guidance rather than abstract generalizations, the book gives readers a chance to view the reservations and policy recommendations expressed by a diverse ...