Ce document decrit les caracteristiques de la medicine generale en tant que specialite et les conditions de son developpement. Il contient des informations destinees aux professions medicales et aux decideurs a tous les niveaux du systeme de sante, et a partir desquelles il sera possible de choisir le modele le plus adequat

Financial protection – affordable access to health care – is undermined when out-of-pocket payments for health care lead to financial hardship (‏impoverishing and catastrophic health spending)‏ or create a barrier to access, resulting in unmet need for health care. This document summarizes the findings of a new study of financial protection in 40 countries in Europe, including the whole of the European Union, in 2019 or the latest available year before COVID-19. It finds that out-of-pocket payments lead to financial hardship and unmet need in every ...

This review assesses the extent to which people in Poland experience financial hardship when they use health services, including medicines. The analysis draws on household budget survey data collected annually by the Central Statistical Office of Poland (‏Główny Urząd Statystyczny, GUS)‏ between 2005 and 2014. It focuses on two indicators of financial protection: catastrophic health spending and impoverishing health spending. It also considers the presence of access barriers leading to unmet need for health care.

This review is part of a series of country-based studies generating new evidence on financial protection in European health systems. Financial protection is central to universal health coverage and a core dimension of health system performance.This review assesses the extent to which people in Lithuania experience financial hardship when they use health care. The analysis draws on household budget survey data collected in 2005, 2008 and 2012 by Statistics Lithuania. It focuses on two indicators of financial protection: catastrophic out-of-pocket ...

This report describes a rapid review to assess inequities in cancer and cardiovascular disease care in prisons. Most of the evidence identified focused on cancer, with cervical cancer the most commonly studied disease. The evidence showed lower cancer screening rates in prison populations than in non-prison populations. People spending any time in prison present at a later stage for all cancer types and for preventable diseases. The main findings suggest that prison health screening programmes can improve health and reduce costs for health systems. ...

More and more, countries are faced with the challenge of addressing the burden of disease arising from environmental exposures. Capacity building in environment and health has been recognized as a critical need among Member States of the WHO European Region and the European Commission, DG Sanco. This report presents a proposal for continuous training. By continuous training in environment and health it is meant an uninterrupted series of trainings to further qualify environmental and health experts and with regular replication to allow access to ...

In the frame of a project on Capacity Building in Environment and Health (‏CBEH)‏, co-funded by the European Commission, a workshop took place in June 2012 to review the specific capacity needs of Estonia in relation to: implementation of health impact assessment (‏HIA)‏; further integration of health in environmental assessments (‏EAs)‏; and use of methods for quantitative risk assessment in local assessments.HIA is a prospective process – it looks at the potential effects of policies, plans, programmes and projects on health. One of the drivers for ...

More and more, countries are faced with the challenge of addressing the burden of disease arising from environmental exposures. Capacity-building in environment and health has been recognized as a critical need among Member States of the WHO European Region, and the European Union. To address this need the WHO European Centre for Environment and Health is assisting WHO Member States to use health impact assessment (‏HIA)‏ and health in environmental assessments (‏EAs)‏ like environmental impact assessments (‏EIAs)‏ and strategic environmental assessments ...

The workshop was held in Belgrade, Serbia, on 26-27 March 2013, to raise the awareness of decision-makers about the need to build capacity and partnerships in the area of chemical incidents, and provide training for health and other professionals involved in the prevention of, preparedness for and response to such events. The implementation of the International Health Regulations (‏IHR)‏ in the area of chemical safety was discussed in relation to the requirements of other relevant international agreements on facilitating multisectoral cooperation.