Studies of youth violence risk factors
The triangles show the relative importance of different risk factors for youth violence. They are based on a measure of association (median odds ratios) between youth violence and the risk factor in question across the relevant studies. Estimates based on a larger number of studies are likely to be more reliable. Not all risk factors are found in all social and cultural contexts.
Individual (victim)
Previous perpetration of violence
Frequent use of the internet
Chronic illness
History of child maltreatment
Other
4.0x
2.8x
2.8x
2.6x
Individual (perpetrator)
Previous perpetration of violence
Consumption of pornography
Moral disengagement
Social problems
Other
4.4x
4.0x
2.3x
2.3x
Relationship
Poor parent-child relationship
Parental substance abuse
Poor parental supervision
Single parent
Other
1.6x
1.5x
1.4x
1.3x
Community
Low socioeconomic status
High rates of violence
Adverse school environment
Other
1.3x
1.2x
1.0x
Societal
Other
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Height: Median odds ratio