Studies of child maltreatment consequences
The triangles show the relative importance of the potential consequences of child maltreatment. They are based on a measure of association (median odds ratios) between child maltreatment and the consequence in question across the relevant studies. Estimates based on a larger number of studies are likely to be more reliable.
Health problems
Poor daily functioning
Mental and neurological disorders
Communicable disease
Excessive health service use
Other
2.4x
2.4x
2.4x
1.8x
Social and behavioural problems
Attachment problems
Poor self-regulation
Low self-esteem
Subsequent violence victimization
Other
41.2x
3.2x
2.4x
2.0x
Impaired cognitive and academic performance
Cognitive impairment
Poor academic performance
Poor language functioning
Other
1.8x
1.3x
1.3x
Economic problems
Work absenteeism
Lower socioeconomic status
Gambling
Unemployment
Other
1.8x
1.7x
1.6x
1.4x
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Height: Median odds ratio