Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLiS)


Turkey

NLiS Country Profile: Turkey

Child Malnutrition

Child (<5 y) Anthropometry
Indicator Year Value
Low birth weight (<2500 g) (%) 2015 11.4
Overweight (BMI-for-age >+1 SD) in school-age children and adolescents 5-19 years (%) 2016 29.5

Malnutrition in Women

Female malnutrition based on BMI

Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

Indicator Year Value
Anaemia children <5 y (Hb <110 g/L) (%) 2016 28.0
Anaemia in non-pregnant women (Hb <120 g/L) (%) 2016 30.7
Anaemia in pregnant women (Hb <110 g/L) (%) 2016 34.4
Anaemia in women of reproductive age (%) 2016 30.9
Clinical vitamin A deficiency in women (history of night blindness during most recent pregnancy) (%)   no data
Median urinary iodine concentration in children 6-12 years (μg/L) 2002 75.0
Subclinical vitamin A deficiency in preschool-age children (serum/plasma retinol <0.70 μmol/L) (%)   no data

Health Services

Indicator Year Value
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 2013 97.4
Population using improved drinking-water sources (%) 2015 100.0
Population using improved sanitation facility (%) 2015 94.9
Children aged 1 year immunized against measles (%) 2016 98.0
Any antenatal iron supplementation (%)   no data
Children <5 years with diarrhoea receiving ORT (%)   no data
Children with diarrhoea receiving zinc (%)   no data
Children aged 6-59 months receiving vitamin A supplements (dose 1) (%)   no data
Children aged 6-59 months receiving vitamin A supplements (dose 2) (%)   no data
Births in baby-friendly facilities (%) 2015 90.4
Mothers of children 0-23 months receiving counselling, support or messages on optimal breastfeeding at least once in the last year (%)   no data

Food Security

Indicator Year Value
Households consuming adequately iodized salt (15 parts per million or more) (%) 2008 85.3
Population below the international poverty line (%) 2016 0.2

Caring Practices

Indicator Year Value
Early initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth (%) 2013 49.9
Introduction to solid, semi-solid or soft foods in infants 6-8 months (%) 2013 74.6
Minimum acceptable diet (MAD) in children 6-23 months (%)   no data
Children with diarrhoea <5 y receiving oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and continued feeding (%) 2008 22.0
No breastfeeding data available for this country

Commitment

Indicator Year Value
General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2014 10.5
Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product 2014 5.4
Per capita total expenditure on health (US$) 2014 1036.5
Nutrition component of the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) 2006-2010 Weak
Nutrition component of Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)   no data
Nutrition Governance score 2009 Medium
International Code on Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes: Legal status of the Code 2018 Few provisions in law
Maternity leave 2013 16 weeks

Capacity

Indicator Year Value
Degree training in nutrition exists   no data
Nutrition is part of medical curricula   no data
Nutrition professionals density (per 100,000 population)   no data
Nursing and midwifery personnel density per 1,000 population 2014 2.5
GDP per capita (PPP US$) 2018 27,893
GDP per capita annual growth rate (%) 2018 1.0
Official development assistance (ODA) received (net disbursements) (% of GNI) 2017 0.4
Low-Income Food-Deficit Country (LIFDC) 2018 No

Meta-indicators

Indicator Year Value
Averaged aggregate governance indicators 2018 -0.5
Gender Inequality Index (GII) 2017 0.317
Gender Parity Index in primary level enrolment (ratio of girls to boys) 2017 1
Human development index (HDI) value 2017 0.8
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 2019 17.4

Female Education Levels

Female Education Levels 2013

Education

Education

Under 5 Mortality

Policies & Actions in the Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA)

Policy title Start Year
Regulations for Food Labeling and Nutrition Information 2017
Strategic Plan 2013
Healthy Nutrition and Active Life Program of Turkey 2010
Notification No. 2008/52 on infant formulae (Bebek formülleri tebliği. Tebliğ No. 2008/52) 2008
Notification No. 2008/53 on follow-on formulae (Devam formülleri tebliği. Tebliğ No. 2008/53) 2008
Labour Act, Act No. 4857 of 22 May 2003. Resmi Gazete, 2003-06-10, No. 25134, pp. 1-32, as amended up to Act No. 5763, of 26 May 2007 (online version available as of 22 May 2003) 2007
Turkish Food Codex Nutrition and Health Claim Regulation  
Progamme title and actions Start Year
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q12a) Türkiye'ye Özgü Beslenme Rehberi [Dietary guidelines for Turkey ] - Food-based dietary guidelines 2014
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) Nutrition-friendly schools - Nutrition-Friendly Schools Initiative (NFSI)/Health promoting schools 2010
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) Nutrition-friendly schools - School feeding programmes 2010
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) Nutrition-friendly schools - Standards or rules for foods and beverages available in schools 2010
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) Nutrition-friendly schools - Vending machines not allowed in schools 2010
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q8) - Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) 1991
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q15) - Reformulation of foods and/or beverages to reduce salt/sodium content  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q10) - Complementary feeding promotion and/or counselling  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q6) - Growth monitoring and promotion  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q7) - Breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q13) - Nutrition and health claims  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q13) - Nutrient declaration  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q18) - Implementation of legislation on marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages to children  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q19) - Nutrition education and counselling  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q20) - Media promotion of healthy nutrition  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q21) - Nutrition education and counselling