Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLiS)


Tonga

NLiS Country Profile: Tonga

Child Malnutrition

Child (<5 y) Anthropometry
Indicator Year Value
Low birth weight (<2500 g) (%)   no data
Overweight (BMI-for-age >+1 SD) in school-age children and adolescents 5-19 years (%) 2016 58.0

Malnutrition in Women

Female malnutrition based on BMI

Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

Indicator Year Value
Anaemia children <5 y (Hb <110 g/L) (%) 2016 37.9
Anaemia in non-pregnant women (Hb <120 g/L) (%) 2016 20.8
Anaemia in pregnant women (Hb <110 g/L) (%) 2016 28.8
Anaemia in women of reproductive age (%) 2016 21.3
Clinical vitamin A deficiency in women (history of night blindness during most recent pregnancy) (%)   no data
Median urinary iodine concentration in children 6-12 years (μg/L)   no data
Subclinical vitamin A deficiency in preschool-age children (serum/plasma retinol <0.70 μmol/L) (%)   no data

Health Services

Indicator Year Value
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 2012 95.5
Population using improved drinking-water sources (%) 2015 99.6
Population using improved sanitation facility (%) 2015 91.0
Children aged 1 year immunized against measles (%) 2016 84.0
Any antenatal iron supplementation (%)   no data
Children <5 years with diarrhoea receiving ORT (%)   no data
Children with diarrhoea receiving zinc (%)   no data
Children aged 6-59 months receiving vitamin A supplements (dose 1) (%)   no data
Children aged 6-59 months receiving vitamin A supplements (dose 2) (%)   no data
Births in baby-friendly facilities (%)   no data
Mothers of children 0-23 months receiving counselling, support or messages on optimal breastfeeding at least once in the last year (%)   no data

Food Security

Indicator Year Value
Households consuming adequately iodized salt (15 parts per million or more) (%)   no data
Population below the international poverty line (%) 2015 1.0

Caring Practices

Indicator Year Value
Early initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth (%) 2012 79.1
Introduction to solid, semi-solid or soft foods in infants 6-8 months (%)   no data
Minimum acceptable diet (MAD) in children 6-23 months (%)   no data
Children with diarrhoea <5 y receiving oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and continued feeding (%)   no data
No breastfeeding data available for this country

Commitment

Indicator Year Value
General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2014 13.5
Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product 2014 5.2
Per capita total expenditure on health (US$) 2014 269.8
Nutrition component of the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF)   no data
Nutrition component of Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)   no data
Nutrition Governance score   no data
Maternity leave 2009 No data
International Code on Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes: Legal status of the Code 2018 No legal measures

Capacity

Indicator Year Value
Degree training in nutrition exists 2016-2017 Yes
Nutrition is part of medical curricula 2016-2017 Yes
Nutrition professionals density (per 100,000 population) 2016-2017 2.8
Nursing and midwifery personnel density per 1,000 population 2010 3.8
GDP per capita (PPP US$) 2018 6,408
GDP per capita annual growth rate (%) 2018 -0.9
Official development assistance (ODA) received (net disbursements) (% of GNI) 2017 18.4
Low-Income Food-Deficit Country (LIFDC) 2018 No

Meta-indicators

Indicator Year Value
Averaged aggregate governance indicators 2018 0.3
Gender Inequality Index (GII) 2017 0.416
Gender Parity Index in primary level enrolment (ratio of girls to boys) 2015 1
Human development index (HDI) value 2017 0.7
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 2019 7.4

Female Education Levels

Female education levels: no data available for this country

Education

Education

Under 5 Mortality

Policies & Actions in the Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA)

Policy title Start Year
Tonga National Strategy to Prevent and Control Non Communicable Diseases (2010 - 2015) 2010
Tongan Plan of Action for Nutrition 1995
Progamme title and actions Start Year
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q10) - Complementary feeding promotion and/or counselling  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q6) - Growth monitoring and promotion  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q7) - Breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q13) - Front-of-pack labelling system  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q13) - Nutrient declaration  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q17) - Taxation and price policies  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q18) - Implementation of legislation on marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages to children  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q21) - Nutrition education and counselling  
GNPR 2016-2017: Prevention and management of acute malnutrition (q37) - Food distribution/supplementation for prevention of acute malnutrition  
GNPR 2016-2017: Prevention and management of acute malnutrition (q38) - Management of moderate malnutrition  
GNPR 2016-2017: Prevention and management of acute malnutrition (q39) - Management of severe acute malnutrition  
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) - Extracurricular nutrition education  
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) - Home, school or community gardening  
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) - Monitoring children's growth in schools  
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) - Nutrition education included in school curriculum  
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) - School fruit and vegetable scheme  
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) - Standards for marketing of food and non-alcoholic beverages to children in school setting  
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) - Standards or rules for foods and beverages available in schools