Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLiS)


Nicaragua

NLiS Country Profile: Nicaragua

Child Malnutrition

Child (<5 y) Anthropometry
Indicator Year Value
Low birth weight (<2500 g) (%) 2015 10.7
Overweight (BMI-for-age >+1 SD) in school-age children and adolescents 5-19 years (%) 2016 29.3

Malnutrition in Women

Female malnutrition based on BMI

Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

Indicator Year Value
Anaemia children <5 y (Hb <110 g/L) (%) 2016 29.2
Anaemia in non-pregnant women (Hb <120 g/L) (%) 2016 15.9
Anaemia in pregnant women (Hb <110 g/L) (%) 2016 25.7
Anaemia in women of reproductive age (%) 2016 16.3
Clinical vitamin A deficiency in women (history of night blindness during most recent pregnancy) (%) 2001 5.1
Median urinary iodine concentration in children 6-12 years (μg/L) 2005 218.0
Subclinical vitamin A deficiency in preschool-age children (serum/plasma retinol <0.70 μmol/L) (%) 2005 4.8

Health Services

Indicator Year Value
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 2011 88.0
Population using improved drinking-water sources (%) 2015 87.0
Population using improved sanitation facility (%) 2015 67.9
Children aged 1 year immunized against measles (%) 2016 99.0
Any antenatal iron supplementation (%)   no data
Children <5 years with diarrhoea receiving ORT (%) 2006-2007 67.8
Children with diarrhoea receiving zinc (%)   no data
Children aged 6-59 months receiving vitamin A supplements (dose 1) (%) 2017 89.0
Children aged 6-59 months receiving vitamin A supplements (dose 2) (%) 2015 3.0
Births in baby-friendly facilities (%) 2015 10.4
Mothers of children 0-23 months receiving counselling, support or messages on optimal breastfeeding at least once in the last year (%)   no data

Food Security

Indicator Year Value
Households consuming adequately iodized salt (15 parts per million or more) (%)   no data
Population below the international poverty line (%) 2014 3.2

Caring Practices

Indicator Year Value
Early initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth (%) 2011 54.4
Introduction to solid, semi-solid or soft foods in infants 6-8 months (%) 2001 88.7
Minimum acceptable diet (MAD) in children 6-23 months (%)   no data
Children with diarrhoea <5 y receiving oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and continued feeding (%) 2001 49.0
No breastfeeding data available for this country

Commitment

Indicator Year Value
General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2014 24.0
Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product 2014 9.0
Per capita total expenditure on health (US$) 2014 444.6
Nutrition component of the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF)   no data
Nutrition component of Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)   no data
Nutrition Governance score   no data
Maternity leave 2013 12 weeks
International Code on Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes: Legal status of the Code 2018 Few provisions in law

Capacity

Indicator Year Value
Degree training in nutrition exists 2016-2017 Yes
Nutrition is part of medical curricula 2016-2017 Yes
Nutrition professionals density (per 100,000 population) 2016-2017 3.6
Nursing and midwifery personnel density per 1,000 population 2014 1.4
GDP per capita (PPP US$) 2018 5,524
GDP per capita annual growth rate (%) 2018 -5.0
Official development assistance (ODA) received (net disbursements) (% of GNI) 2017 4.2
Low-Income Food-Deficit Country (LIFDC) 2018 Yes

Meta-indicators

Indicator Year Value
Averaged aggregate governance indicators 2018 -0.9
Gender Inequality Index (GII) 2017 0.456
Gender Parity Index in primary level enrolment (ratio of girls to boys) 2010 1
Human development index (HDI) value 2017 0.7
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 2019 44.6

Female Education Levels

Female Education Levels 2001

Education

Education

Under 5 Mortality

Policies & Actions in the Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA)

Policy title Start Year
Marco de Asistencia de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo en Nicaragua 2014
Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Humano 2012-2016 (Versión Preliminar en Consulta Nacional) 2012
Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Humano 2012-2016 2012
Plan Plurianual de Salud 2011-2015 2011
Política Nacional de Primera Infancia. Amor por los Chiquitos y Chiquitas. 2011
Decreto Presidencial No. 61-2011. Aprobación y Puesta en Vigencia de la Política Nacional de Primera Infancia (Amor por los más chiquitos y chiquitas) 2011
NORMA TECNICA OBLIGATORIA NICARAGUENSE. FORTIFICACION DEL ARROZ (NTON 03.091.11) 2011
Reglamento Técnico Centroamericano Anexo de la Resolución 201-2007 (COMIECO-XLV) Harinas. Harina de Trigo Fortificada. Especificaciones. NTON 03 037-07/RTCA 67.01.15:07 2010
Ley de Soberanía y Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional 2009
Política de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional desde el sector agropecuario y rural 2009
Norma Técnica Obligatoria Nicaragüense para la Sal Fortificada con Yodo y Flúor. NTON 03 031-09 2009
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper – Updated National Human Development Plan 2009-2011 2009
Política Nacional de Salud 2008
Plan Nacional 'Hacia la Erradicación de la Desnutrición Crónica Infantil en Nicaragua' 2008 - 2012 2008
Reglamento de la Ley No. 638, Ley para la Fortificación de la Sal con Yodo y Flúor 2008
Ley para la Fortificación de la Sal con Yodo y Flúor. Ley No. 638. 2007
Decree No. 974 Promulgating the Social Security Act of 11 February 1982, La Gaceta No. 49, 1 March 1982, pp. 561-591, as amended up, to Act n° 607 of 16 January 2007, La Gaceta n°11 del 16 de Enero del 2007 2007
Ley de Seguridad Social Ley No. 539 2005
Act No. 185 promulgating the Labour Code, (La Gaceta No. 205, 30 October 1996, pp. 6109-6155) of 30 October 1996 as amended up to Act n° 456 of 6 July 2004 2004
Reglamento de la Ley General de Salud, Decreto No. 001-2003 2003
Ley General de Salud, Ley No. 423 2002
Norma Técnica de Azúcar Fortificada con Vitamina 'A'. Norma Técnica No. 03 029-99 2000
Fortificación del Azúcar con Vitamina A. Acuerdo Interministerial. 1999
Ley de promoción, protección y mantenimiento de la lactancia materna y regulación de la comercialización de sucedáneos de la leche materna (Ley N.295) 1999
Código de la Niñez y la Adolescencia, Ley No. 287 1998
Reglamento de la Ley de Normalización Técnica y Calidad, Decreto No. 71-97 1997
Ley de Normalización Técnica y Calidad. Ley No. 219 1996
Plan De Accion Nacional Para La Nutricion 1995-1999 1995
Reglamento de Inspección Sanitaria. Decreto No. 432 1989
Ley Disposiciones Sanitarias. Decreto No. 394 1988
Constitución Política de la República de Nicaragua 1987
Progamme title and actions Start Year
Red de Proteccion Social Program (RPS) - Breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling  
Red de Proteccion Social Program (RPS) - Complementary feeding promotion and/or counselling  
Red de Proteccion Social Program (RPS) - Conditional cash transfer  
Red de Proteccion Social Program (RPS) - Growth monitoring and promotion  
Red de Proteccion Social Program (RPS) - Iron supplementation  
Red de Proteccion Social Program (RPS) - Nutrition education and counselling  
Red de Proteccion Social Program (RPS) - Promotion of improved hygiene practices including handwashing  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q10) - Complementary feeding promotion and/or counselling  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q6) - Growth monitoring and promotion  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q7) - Breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q8) - Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI)  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q9a) - Feeding of LBW infants  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q9b) - Infant feeding in the context of HIV  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q9c) - Infant feeding in the context of emergencies  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q12a) Normativa - 029 'Guía de Alimentación y Nutrición para embarazadas Puerperas y Niñez Menor de 5 años - Food-based dietary guidelines  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q12b) Normas de Alimentacion y Nutricion - Nutrient-based dietary guidelines  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q13) - Nutrition and health claims  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q13) - Front-of-pack labelling system  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q13) - Nutrient declaration  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q18) - Implementation of legislation on marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages to children  
GNPR 2016-2017: Prevention and management of acute malnutrition (q37) - Food distribution/supplementation for prevention of acute malnutrition  
GNPR 2016-2017: Prevention and management of acute malnutrition (q38) - Management of moderate malnutrition  
GNPR 2016-2017: Nutrition and infectious disease (q41) - Counselling on nutritional support & care for people living with TB  
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) - Deworming  
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) - Extracurricular nutrition education  
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) - Home, school or community gardening  
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) - Micronutrient supplementation in schools  
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) - Monitoring children's growth in schools  
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) - Nutrition education included in school curriculum  
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) - School feeding programmes  
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) - Standards or rules for foods and beverages available in schools  
GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) - Vending machines not allowed in schools