Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLiS)


China

NLiS Country Profile: China

Child Malnutrition

Child (<5 y) Anthropometry
Indicator Year Value
Low birth weight (<2500 g) (%) 2015 5.0
Overweight (BMI-for-age >+1 SD) in school-age children and adolescents 5-19 years (%) 2016 28.5

Malnutrition in Women

Female malnutrition based on BMI

Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

Indicator Year Value
Anaemia children <5 y (Hb <110 g/L) (%) 2016 21.4
Anaemia in non-pregnant women (Hb <120 g/L) (%) 2016 26.2
Anaemia in pregnant women (Hb <110 g/L) (%) 2016 32.4
Anaemia in women of reproductive age (%) 2016 26.4
Clinical vitamin A deficiency in women (history of night blindness during most recent pregnancy) (%)   no data
Median urinary iodine concentration in children 6-12 years (μg/L) 2005 246.3
Subclinical vitamin A deficiency in preschool-age children (serum/plasma retinol <0.70 μmol/L) (%) 2002 9.3

Health Services

Indicator Year Value
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 2014 99.9
Population using improved drinking-water sources (%) 2015 95.5
Population using improved sanitation facility (%) 2015 76.5
Children aged 1 year immunized against measles (%) 2016 99.0
Any antenatal iron supplementation (%)   no data
Children <5 years with diarrhoea receiving ORT (%)   no data
Children with diarrhoea receiving zinc (%)   no data
Children aged 6-59 months receiving vitamin A supplements (dose 1) (%)   no data
Children aged 6-59 months receiving vitamin A supplements (dose 2) (%)   no data
Births in baby-friendly facilities (%) 2013 12.0
Mothers of children 0-23 months receiving counselling, support or messages on optimal breastfeeding at least once in the last year (%)   no data

Food Security

Indicator Year Value
Households consuming adequately iodized salt (15 parts per million or more) (%) 2014 96.3
Population below the international poverty line (%) 2015 0.7

Caring Practices

Indicator Year Value
Early initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth (%) 2013 28.7
Introduction to solid, semi-solid or soft foods in infants 6-8 months (%) 2013 83.0
Minimum acceptable diet (MAD) in children 6-23 months (%) 2013 24.5
Children with diarrhoea <5 y receiving oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and continued feeding (%)   no data
No breastfeeding data available for this country

Commitment

Indicator Year Value
General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2014 10.4
Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product 2014 5.5
Per capita total expenditure on health (US$) 2014 730.5
Nutrition component of the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF)   no data
Nutrition component of Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)   no data
Nutrition Governance score   no data
International Code on Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes: Legal status of the Code 2018 Few provisions in law
Maternity leave 2013 14 weeks

Capacity

Indicator Year Value
Degree training in nutrition exists 2016-2017 Yes
Nutrition is part of medical curricula 2016-2017 Yes
Nutrition professionals density (per 100,000 population)   no data
Nursing and midwifery personnel density per 1,000 population 2011 1.7
GDP per capita (PPP US$) 2018 18,210
GDP per capita annual growth rate (%)   no data
Official development assistance (ODA) received (net disbursements) (% of GNI) 2017 0.0
Low-Income Food-Deficit Country (LIFDC) 2018 No

Meta-indicators

Indicator Year Value
Averaged aggregate governance indicators 2018 -0.3
Gender Inequality Index (GII) 2017 0.152
Gender Parity Index in primary level enrolment (ratio of girls to boys) 2018 1
Human development index (HDI) value 2017 0.8
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 2019 24.9

Female Education Levels

Female education levels: no data available for this country

Education

Education

Under 5 Mortality

Policies & Actions in the Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA)

Policy title Start Year
The National Nutrition Plan (Year 2017-2030) 2017
中国食物与营养发展纲要（2014—2020年）(China Food and Nutrition Development Program (2014- 2020)) 2014
食品安全国家标准 预包装食品营养标签通则 (Standard on Nutrition Labelling of Prepackaged Foods) 2013
United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) 2011
The Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Health Sector Development 2011
Food and Drugs (Composition and Labelling) (Amendment: Requirements for Nutrition Labelling and Nutrition Claim) 2010
National Plan of Action for Nutrition for China 1997
Labour Law 1994 Adopted at the Eighth Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on July 5, 1994 and promulgated by Order No. 28 of the President of the People's Republic of China, commenced 1 January 1995 1995
Regulations of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes 1995
Regulations on Labour Protection for Female Workers and Employees, adopted at the 11th Regular Meeting of the State Council on 28 June 1988 1988
Progamme title and actions Start Year
GAIN Large-scale Food Fortification Program - Condiment and seasonings' fortification 2010
GAIN Universal Salt Iodization - Salt iodization 2008
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q12a) 中国居民膳食指南 [Dietary guidelines for Chinese residents ] - Food-based dietary guidelines 2007
GAIN Micro-Nutrient Supplementation - Multiple micronutrients supplementation 2003
GNPR 2009-2010: Maternal, infant and young child nutrition - Breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling  
GNPR 2009-2010: Maternal, infant and young child nutrition - Deworming  
GNPR 2009-2010: Vitamin and mineral nutrition - Calcium supplementation  
GNPR 2009-2010: Vitamin and mineral nutrition - Complementary food fortification  
GNPR 2009-2010: Vitamin and mineral nutrition - Condiment and seasonings' fortification  
GNPR 2009-2010: Vitamin and mineral nutrition - Folic acid supplementation  
GNPR 2009-2010: Vitamin and mineral nutrition - Iodine supplementation  
GNPR 2009-2010: Vitamin and mineral nutrition - Iron supplementation  
GNPR 2009-2010: Vitamin and mineral nutrition - Multiple micronutrient powder (point-of-use fortification)  
GNPR 2009-2010: Vitamin and mineral nutrition - Oil fortification  
GNPR 2009-2010: Vitamin and mineral nutrition - Vitamin A supplementation  
GNPR 2009-2010: Vitamin and mineral nutrition - Wheat flour fortification  
GNPR 2009-2010: Maternal, infant and young child nutrition - Complementary feeding promotion and/or counselling  
GNPR 2009-2010: Maternal, infant and young child nutrition - Food distribution/supplementation for prevention of acute malnutrition  
GNPR 2009-2010: Maternal, infant and young child nutrition - Management of moderate malnutrition  
GNPR 2009-2010: Maternal, infant and young child nutrition - Management of severe acute malnutrition  
GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition - Deworming  
GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition - Growth monitoring and promotion  
GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition - Improved food safety at vending places  
GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition - Provision of safe water  
GNPR 2009-2010: Obesity and diet-related NCDs - Food-based dietary guidelines  
GNPR 2009-2010: Obesity and diet-related NCDs - Implementation of legislation on marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages to children  
GNPR 2009-2010: Obesity and diet-related NCDs - Nutrient-based dietary guidelines  
GNPR 2009-2010: Vitamin and mineral nutrition - Folic acid supplementation  
GNPR 2009-2010: Vitamin and mineral nutrition - Salt iodization  
GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition - Implementation of legislation on marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages to children  
GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition - School feeding programmes  
GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition - School fruit and vegetable scheme  
GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition - School milk scheme  
GNPR 2009-2010: School-based nutrition - Vitamin A supplementation  
GNPR 2009-2010: Obesity and diet-related NCDs - Labelling of food products  
GNPR 2009-2010: Obesity and diet-related NCDs - Media promotion of healthy nutrition  
GNPR 2009-2010: Obesity and diet-related NCDs - Nutrition education and counselling  
GNPR 2009-2010: Obesity and diet-related NCDs - Promotion of fruit and vegetable intake  
GNPR 2009-2010: Obesity and diet-related NCDs - Salt reduction  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q10) - Complementary feeding promotion and/or counselling  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q6) - Growth monitoring and promotion  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q7) - Breastfeeding promotion and/or counselling  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q8) - Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI)  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q9a) - Feeding of LBW infants  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q9b) - Infant feeding in the context of HIV  
GNPR 2016-2017: Infant and young child nutrition (q9c) - Infant feeding in the context of emergencies  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q13) - Nutrition and health claims  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q13) - Nutrient declaration  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q20) - Media promotion of healthy nutrition  
GNPR 2016-2017: Promotion of healthy diet and prevention of obesity and diet-related NCDs (q21) - Nutrition education and counselling  
GNPR 2016-2017: Prevention and management of acute malnutrition (q37) - Food distribution/supplementation for prevention of acute malnutrition