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2011
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Indicators:
Total expenditure on health as % of Gross domestic product
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Total expenditure on health as % of Gross domestic product, 2011
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The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines or which there may not yet be full agreement.
Data Source:
National Heath Accounts database
World Health Organization
© WHO 2011. All rights reserved
Flash version 10.3 or greater is recommended.
Footnotes
Source : Health expenditure series, World Health Organization, Geneva, (latest updates are available on http://apps.who.int/nha/database/DataExplorerRegime.aspx).
All the indicators refer to expenditures by financing agent except external resources which is a financing source.
When the number is smaller than 0.05% the percentage may appear as zero. For per capita expenditure indicators, when the value is less than 0.5 it is represented as <1.
In countries where the fiscal year begins in July, expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (for example, 2008 data will cover the fiscal year 2007–08), unless otherwise stated for the country.
Absolute values of expenditures are expressed in nominal terms (current prices).
National currency unit per US$ are calculated using the average exchange rates for the year. For 2008, 2009 the use of yearly average exchange rates (compared to year-end exchange rates) may not fully represent the impact of the global financial crisis.
In some cases, the sum of general government and private expenditures on health may not add up to 100% because of rounding.
National currency unit per US$ are calculated using the average exchange rates for the year. For 2008, 2009 the use of yearly average exchange rates (compared to year-end exchange rates) may not fully represent the impact of the global financial crisis.
PPP series resulting from the 2005 International comparison project (ICP) estimated by the World Bank has been used. In countries where this is not available, PPPs are estimated by the WHO.
Care needs to be taken in interpreting external resource figures. Most are taken from the OECD DAC/CRS database except where a reliable full national health account study has been done. They are disbursements to recipient countries as reported by donors, lagged one year to account for the delay between disbursement and expenditure. Before 2002, disbursement data is not available and commitments are used.
Countries:
Afghanistan
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations. Non-profit institutions (such as NGOs) serving households are accounted for in “external assistance” and recorded under government expenditure. f GDP includes both licit and illicit GDPs (for example, opium). Government expenditures include external assistance (external budget).
Angola
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Indicators:
Out-of-Pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health
Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health
Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health
Social Security expenditure on health as % General government expenditure on health
Australia
About 30% of the expenditure in residential facilities for care of the aged has a health purpose, but this is difficult to estimate routinely and so is not included under health at present. Such health-purpose expenditure was about US$ 2.1 billion in 2005–06 or 0.2% of GDP. The data for 2007 corresponds to the fiscal year 2007–08 starting on 01 July 2007. All 2008 entries are estimates made by WHO unless otherwise specified.
Azerbaijan
Adjustments for currency change (from old to new manat) were made for the entire Azerbaijan series starting from World Health Statistics 2008.
Bahrain
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Bangladesh
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations. Fiscal year starts in July and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2007 data covers the fiscal year 2006–2007).
Belize
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Bhutan
Fiscal year starts in July and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2007 data covers the fiscal year 2006–2007). A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Bolivia Plurinational States of
Funds previously included in social security were reclassified.
Botswana
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Brunei Darussalam
Fiscal year starts in April and expenditure data have been allocated to the earlier calendar year (i.e. 2006 data cover the fiscal year 2006-07).
Burkina Faso
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Burundi
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations. Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
Cambodia
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations. Fiscal year starts in July and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2007 data covers the fiscal year 2006–2007).
Cameroon
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations. Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
Cape Verde
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Central African Republic
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Indicators:
Social Security expenditure on health as % General government expenditure on health
Chad
Some estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
Comoros
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National
Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
Indicators:
Out-of-Pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health
Congo
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Indicators:
Out-of-Pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health
Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health
Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health
Cook Islands
Fiscal year starts in July and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2007 data covers the fiscal year 2006–2007). A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Equatorial Guinea
Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data. Increases in government expenditure on health are due to investment in capital expenditures.
Indicators:
Out-of-Pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health
Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health
Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health
Eritrea
Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
The change in the trend of Out-of-pocket expenditure in 2008 is driven by the big decrease of total private consumption in 2008 and the big increase in 2009.
Ethiopia
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Fiji
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Gabon
Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
Gambia
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Georgia
As a result of recent health-care reforms in Georgia, public compulsory insurance has since 2008 been implemented by private insurance companies. The voucher cost of this insurance is treated as general government health expenditure.
Ghana
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Guinea
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Indicators:
Social Security expenditure on health as % General government expenditure on health
Guinea-Bissau
Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Government expenditures show fluctuations due to variations in capital investment.
India
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Indonesia
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Exchange rate changed in 2002 from multiple to a managed floating exchange rate. Inter-bank market rate used prior to 2002.
Iraq
Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data. The estimates do not include expenditures for Northern Iraq.
Jordan
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations. The public expenditure on health includes contributions from the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) made to Palestinian refugees residing in Jordanian territories.
Kenya
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations
Kiribati
Fiscal year starts in July and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2007 data cover the fiscal year 2006-07). A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Fiscal year starts in October and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2007 data cover the fiscal year 2006-07). A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Lebanon
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Liberia
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations. Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
Libya
Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data. Government expenditures in 2002 show a large increase due to capital investment.
Madagascar
Indicators:
External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health
General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure*
General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure
Per capita government expenditure on health (PPP int.$
Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$);
Per capita total expenditure on health (PPP int.$
Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$);
Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health
Social Security expenditure on health as % General government expenditure on health
Total expenditure on health as % of Gross domestic product
Malawi
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Malaysia
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Maldives
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Marshall Islands
Fiscal year starts in October and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2007 data cover the fiscal year 2006-07).
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Fiscal year starts in October and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2007 data cover the fiscal year 2006-07).
Monaco
Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
Mongolia
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Montenegro
After the declaration of independence on 03 June 2006, Serbia and Montenegro are now separate states. Health expenditures for the previous years have been estimated separately for each of the two countries.
Mozambique
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National
Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Myanmar
The market exchange rate is used to estimate the per capita figures. A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Namibia
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Nauru
Fiscal year starts in July and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2007 data cover the fiscal year 2006-07).
Nepal
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations. Fiscal year starts in July and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2007 data covers the fiscal year 2006–2007).
Nigeria
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Niue
Fiscal year starts in April and expenditure data have been allocated to the earlier calendar year (i.e. 2006 data cover the fiscal year 2006-07).
Pakistan
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations. Total level of government expenditure on health increased due to the inclusion of local government expenditure, as well as a more-comprehensive estimation of regional expenditure on health.
Palau
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations. Fiscal year starts in October and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2007 data cover the fiscal year 2006-07).
Papua New Guinea
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Qatar
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Republic of Moldova
The health expenditure data as well as the population data after 2000 do not include Transdniestria. Data on GDP and private final consumption expenditure exclude Transdniestria from 1995.
Rwanda
Indicators:
Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health
Samoa
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country con
sultations. Fiscal year starts in July and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2007 data cover the fiscal year 2006-07).
Saudi Arabia
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Serbia
After the declaration of independence on 03 June 2006, Serbia and Montenegro are now separate states. Health expenditures for the previous years have been estimated separately for each of the two countries. The estimates do not include the expenditures of the provinces of Kosovo and Metohia, which are under the administration of the United Nations.
Sierra Leone
Out-of –pocket expenditure figures from the NHA report have been estimated from the Sierra Leone Integrated Household Survey (SLIHS) 2004. The SLIHS 2010 has been conducted, but not yet analysed, which meant the 2004 figures had to be increased according to inflation as a best estimate.
Singapore
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Solomon Islands
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Somalia
Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
South Africa
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Sri Lanka
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Sudan
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations. Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
Syrian Arab Republic
The exchange rate used for the Syrian Arab Republic is the rate for non-commercial transactions from the Central Bank of Syria.
Thailand
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Timor-Leste
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations. GDP does not include the income from petroleum. The country became independent in 2002. However NHA estimates have been produced for previous years based on the available macro data. Until 2007 the fiscal year ended in June. There was then a transition period in the second quarter of 2007 to make the fiscal year equal to the calendar year. Expenditure data have been allocated exceptionally to the previous calendar year (i.e. 2005 data covers the fiscal year 2005–2006). Drop in health expenditures from previous year is mainly due to revision of Out of pocket expenditure estimates
Indicators:
Out-of-Pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health
Drop in health expenditures from previous year is mainly due to revision of Out of pocket expenditure estimates.
Togo
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National
Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Tonga
Fiscal year starts in July and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2007 data cover the fiscal year 2006-07). A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Tunisia
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Turkmenistan
Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data. On 01 January 2009 Turkmenistan introduced the new manat ISO code TMT. The exchange rate between the old and the new currency is 1 TMT = 5000 TMM. The entire health expenditure series has been adjusted.
Tuvalu
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Uganda
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations
United Republic of Tanzania
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Uruguay
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Vanuatu
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Viet Nam
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations
Yemen
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.
Zambia
A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations
Zimbabwe
Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
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