National Health Accounts (NHA) is designed to give a comprehensive description of resource flows in a health system, showing where resources come from and how they are used. The Rwandan Ministry of Health has recognized the importance of documenting the overall flow of health funds and those associated with HIV/AIDS and reproductive health. Since its launch in 1998, the government has shown a commitment to sustaining the NHA process with a view to generating data that can assist the formulation of health policies that improve access to care and efficiency of resource allocation. This NHA report aims to document the magnitude, flows, and uses of public, private and donor funds in Rwanda for overall health care and, specifically, for HIV/AIDS and reproductive health services during the years 2002 and 2000. Key findings show that total per capita health expenditures are $8.62, with 42 percent financed by private sources (including households), 33 percent by the donor community, and 25 percent by public sources. This pattern of financing shifts with respect to the financing of HIV/AIDS and reproductive health services. The HIV/AIDS subanalysis shows that donors finance 75 percent of all HIV-related expenditures. In reproductive health, donors contribute 80 percent of financing. While households are not the largest financiers of HIV/AIDS and reproductive health care, they do finance over half of all curative expenditures in these key intervention areas and for health care in general – raising concerns regarding the burden placed on households to finance these services, particularly as 60 percent of the population is below the poverty line. The public sector is responsible for financing just 8 percent of expenditures for both HIV/AIDS and reproductive health. Based on these and other findings, the NHA report suggests health policy implications for the overall health system as well as for HIV/AIDS and reproductive health services.