Sources and Prices of Selected Medicines and Diagnostics for People Living with HIV/AIDS: Annex 6. Untangling the web of price reductions: a pricing guide for the purchase of ARVs for developing countries: Tables: Table 1: Summary of selected pharmaceutical companies’ best ARV price offers for eligible developing countries: Table 1a - Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

Sources and Prices of Selected Medicines and Diagnostics for People Living with HIV/AIDS
(2003; 92 pages) [French] [Spanish]

Table des matières

Glossary
1. Introduction
2. Pricing
3. Access to quality HIV/AIDS medicines and diagnostics
4. Sources & prices of medicines
5. Variation in price between surveys
Annex 1A. Registration status of products included in the sources and prices survey
Annex 1B. Index of manufacturers
Annex 1C. Geographical distribution of par ticipating manufacturers
Annex 2. WHO Bulk Procurement Scheme 2003
Annex 3A. Summary of main characteristics of methods forCD4/CD8 lymphocyte determination
Annex 3B. Summary of main characteristics of viral load technologies
Annex 4. Further reading, references, and contacts
Annex 5. Feedback and enquiry form
Annex 6. Untangling the web of price reductions: a pricing guide for the purchase of ARVs for developing countries
	General background and objectives
	Methodology
	Limitations of the current system
	The challenge of paediatric formulations
	Research and development for HIV/AIDS
	The Effects of Generic Competition
	Guide to reading and using tables
	Tables
		Table 1: Summary of selected pharmaceutical companies’ best ARV price offers for eligible developing countries
			Table 1a - Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
			Table 1b - Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
			Table 1c - Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NtRTIs)
			Table 1d - Protease Inhibitors (PIs)
			Table 1e - Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCs)
			Table 1f - Paediatric Formulations
		Table 2: Company ARV offers and restrictions for developing countries, adult and paediatric formulations
			Table 2a - Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
			Table 2b - Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
			Table 2d - Protease Inhibitors (PIs)
			Table 2e - Fixed Dose Combinations
			Table 2f - Selected generic companies’ ARV offers and restrictions for developing countries
	Annexes
		Annex 1: Least Developed Countries (LDCs)
		Annex 2: Human Development Index (HDI)
		Annex 3: Sub-Saharan countries
		Annex 4: World Bank low-income countries
		Annex 5: Company contacts
		Glossary¹²
		References

Table 1a - Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

All prices are in US$. Prices are given both for a yearly adult dose and by unit.

For details on eligibility and offer restrictions for countries and institutions, please refer to table 2a.

Products on the WHO list of Pilot Procurement, Quality and Sourcing Project: Access to HIV/AIDS drugs and diagnostics of acceptable quality (Sixth edition, 5th May 2003) are in bold and have an asterisk* next to the price. Always check website for most recently updated list. Best prices are in bold & underlined. Incoterms vary according to manufacturers.

Annual cost is calculated according to the daily doses given in the WHO ‘Scaling-up Antiretroviral Therapy in Resource Limited Settings: Guidelines for a Public Health Approach’ (June 2002) and/or the ‘Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents’ from the Panel on Clinical Practices for the Treatment of HIV (2002).

NRTI (Abbreviation)	abacavir (ABC)	didanosine (ddI)	didanosine (ddI)	lamivudine (3TC)	lamivudine (3TC)	stavudine (d4T)	stavudine (d4T)	zidovudine (ZDV or AZT)
Strength (mg)	300	100 (§)	EC 400	150	300	30	40	300
Trade name Europe/US	Ziagen® (GSK)	Videx® (BMS)	Videx® (BMS)	Epivir® (GSK)	Epivir® (GSK)	Zerit® (BMS)	Zerit® (BMS)	Retrovir® (GSK)
Daily dose	2	4	1	2	1	2	2	2
BMS (US)		310* (0.212/unit)	Not applicable			49* (0.066/unit)	55* (0.075/unit)
GSK (UK)	986* (1.350/unit)			128* (0.175/unit)				274* (0.375/unit)
Aurobindo (India)		197 (0.135/unit)		66 (0.090/unit)			31 (0.043/unit)	140 (0.192/unit)
Cipla (India)	821 (1.125/unit)	426 (0.292/unit)	271 (0.741/unit)	126* (0.172/unit)	124 (0.340/unit)	48 (0.065/unit)	53 (0.072/unit)	198* (0.271/unit)
GPO (Thailand)		650 (0.445/unit)		163 (0.223/unit)			73 (0.100/unit)	277 (0.380/unit)
Hetero (India)	1325 (1.815/unit)	185 (0.127/unit)		65 (0.089/unit)			31 (0.042/unit)	175 (0.240/unit)
Ranbaxy (India)			335 (0.917/Unit)	100* (0.137/unit)		36 (0.049/unit)	47 (0.064/unit)	180* (0.246/unit)
Combinopharm (Spain)								292* (0.400/unit)

(§) BMS sells ddI (Videx®) in other doses (per mg price remains the same)