Integrating Public Health Concerns into Patent Legislation in Developing Countries: II. PATENTABLE SUBJECT MATTER: II.3 Uses

Integrating Public Health Concerns into Patent Legislation in Developing Countries
(2000; 140 pages) [French] [Spanish]

Table des matières

THE SOUTH CENTRE
FOREWORD
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GLOSSARY*
I. INTRODUCTION
	I.1 Context
	I.2 A Public Health Perspective
	I.3 Scope
II. PATENTABLE SUBJECT MATTER
	II.1 Products
	II.2 Substances Existing in Nature
		II.2.1 Options - Substances Existing in Nature
	II.3 Uses
		II.3.1 First indication
		II.3.2 Second indication
		II.3.3 Options - Uses
	II.4 Methods for Treatment and Diagnostics
		II.4.1 Options - Methods
	II.5 Traditional Medicines
III. SCOPE OF CLAIMS
	III.1 Options - Scope of Claims
IV. PATENTABILITY REQUIREMENTS
	IV.1 Novelty
		IV.1.1 Options - Novelty
	IV.2 Inventive Step
		IV.2.1 Options - Inventive Step
	IV.3 Industrial Applicability
		IV.3.1 Options - Industrial Applicability
V. SPECIAL CASES IN PHARMACEUTICALS
	V.1 Selection Patents
	V.2 Prior Public Availability
	V.3 Polymorphism
	V.4 Analogy processes
	V.5 Compositions
	V.6 Optical Isomers
	V.7 Active Metabolites
	V.8 Prodrugs
VI. DISCLOSURE
	VI.1 Options - Disclosure
VII. EXCEPTIONS TO EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS
	VII.1 Experimental Use
		VII.1.1 Options - Experimental Use
	VII.2 Early Working
		VII.2.1 Options - Early Working
	VII.3 Parallel Imports
		VII.3.1 Options - Parallel Imports
	VII.4 Individual Prescriptions
		VII.4.1 Options - Individual Prescriptions
VIII. EXAMINATION AND OBSERVATION PROCEDURES
	VIII.1 Options - Third Parties Opposition
IX. CLAIMS INTERPRETATION
	IX.1 Options - Claims
X. COMPULSORY LICENSING
	X.1 Grounds for Granting Compulsory Licenses
	X.2 Imports/Exports
	X.3 Registration
		X.3.1 Options - Compulsory Licenses
XI. FINAL REMARKS
REFERENCES
BACK COVER

II.3 Uses

Pharmaceutical patents rarely relate to new chemical entities, that is, active ingredients that represent a fresh contribution to the stock of products available for medicinal use. A great number of pharmaceutical patents protect processes of manufacture, formulations, systems of delivery, and new uses of a known product⁴².

⁴² See, e.g., Zaveri, 1998, p. 71.

A “use” claim may be either a product claim or a process claim, depending on the context. In Europe, first medical indications have been dealt with as a product claim, whereas the second medical indication as a process claim.