1. General guidelines for methodologies on research and evaluation of traditional medicine. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2000 (unpublished document WHO/EDM/TRM/2000.1; available on request from Traditional Medicine, Department of Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland).
2. Annual report 1998-1999. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
3. La médecine Chinoise. Paris, Encyclopédie Hachette, 2001.
4. Liu B. The national government policy and efforts on promoting traditional medicine in China. In: Traditional medicine, its contribution to human health development in the new century: report of an international symposium, Kobe, Japan, 6 November 1999. Kobe, Japan, World Health Organization Centre for Health Development, 2000 (unpublished document; available on request from the WHO Centre for Health Development, I.H.D. Centre Building, 9th Floor, 1-5-1 Wakinohama-Kaigandori, Chuo-ku Kobe 651-0073, Japan).
5. Unani medicine in India. New Delhi, Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 1997.
6. Analysis of questionnaire on traditional medicine. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992 (unpublished document WHO DOC. 5183A/REV. DOC. 6136A).
7. Massougbodji MA, Tevoedjre A. Communication with WHO. Cotonou, Ministère de la Santé, de la Protection Sociale, et de la Condition Féminine and Ministère du Plan, de la Restructuration Economique, et de la Promotion de l'Emploi, République du Bénin, 27 October 1997.
8. Epa K. Communication with WHO. WHO Representative, Benin, 10 November 1997.
9. Plan d'action 1998-1999. Cotonou, République du Bénin, 1997.
10. Staugard F. Traditional medicine in a transitional society: Botswana moving towards the year 2000. Gaborone, Ipelegeng Publishers, 1989.
11. Haram L. Tswana medicine in interaction with biomedicine. Social science and medicine, 1991, 33:167-175.
12. The Medical, Dental, and Pharmacy (Amendment) Act, 1987. International digest of health legislation, 1989, 40:819.
13. Upper Volta, Public Health Code, Part II, Title IV: Traditional medicine. International digest of health legislation, 1973, 24:649.
14. Burkina Faso. Law No. 23/94/ADP of 19 May 1994 promulgating the Public Health Code. International digest of health legislation, 1995, 46:449-454.
15. Decree-Law no. 1/16 of 17 May 1982. International digest of health legislation, 1984, 35:1.
16. Fifth five-year social, economic, and political development plan (1981-1986). Yaounde, Department of Planning, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Planning, Republic of Cameroon, 1981.
17. Lantum DN. Traditional medicine-men of Cameroon, the case of Bui division: a socio-demographic and epidemiological profile. Yaounde, Yaounde Public Health Unit, University Centre for Health Sciences (UCHS/CUSS), University of Yaounde, 1985.
18. Decree of 19 March 1952. Bulletin officiel du Congo Belge, 15 May 1952, Part L: 882-890.
19. Codes et lois du Congo Beige, 1952, 3:616.
20. Traditional medicine in Zaire: present and potential contribution to the health services. Ottawa, International Development Research Centre, 1980.
21. Bishaw M. Promoting traditional medicine in Ethiopia: a brief historical review of government policy. Social science and medicine, 1991, 33:193-200.
22. Serto Ader, Yekatit 13:1978 EC (20 February 1986). Ethiopia.
23. A study regarding the future development of traditional medicine. Addis Ababa, Ministry of Health, Ethiopia, 1984/1985.
24. Ten-year perspective plan. Addis Ababa, Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia, 1983/1984.
25. Mensah EN. Traditional medicine in Ghana: situation, policies, development and challenges of the 21st century. Presented at the International Congress on Traditional Medicine, Beijing, China, 22-24 April 2000.
26. Oppong-Boachie K. Strategy for traditional medicine for the African region: the experience of Ghana. Presented at the WHO consultative meeting on strategy for traditional medicine for the African region 2001-2010, Harare, Zimbabwe, 13-15 December 1999.
27. Commodore SGO. Welcome address. Presented at Traditional medicine and modern health care: partnership for the future, a two-day national consensus-building symposium on the policies on traditional medicine in Ghana, 15-16 March 1995.
28. Mensah MLK, Sarpong K. Training of the traditional medicine practitioners and the preservation of our medical heritage: options and challenges. Presented at Traditional medicine and modern health care: partnership for the future, a two-day national consensus-building symposium on the policies on traditional medicine in Ghana, 15-16 March 1995.
29. Sanders AJGM. Towards the legalisation of African folk therapy. Medicine and the law, 1989, 7:523-528.
30. Le Grand A, Wondergem P. Herbal medicine and health promotion: a comparative study of herbal drugs in primary health care. Amsterdam, Royal Tropical Institute, 1990.
31. Bodeker G. Planning for cost-effective traditional health services. In: Traditional medicine, better science, policy and services for health development: proceedings of a WHO international symposium, Awaji Island, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, 11-13 September 2000. WHO Centre for Health Development, Kobe, 2001 (unpublished document; available on request from the WHO Centre for Health Development, I.H.D. Centre Building, 9th Floor, 1-5-1 Wakinohama-Kaigandori, Chuo-ku Kobe 651-0073, Japan).
32. Ordinance no. 189 PRG of 18 September 1984 on the practice of the medical profession, Sections 1 and 2. International digest of health legislation, 1985, 36:21.
33. Nyamwaya D. African indigenous medicine: an anthropological perspective for policy makers and primary care managers. Nairobi, African Medical and Research Foundation, 1992.
34. Development plan, 1989-1993. Kenya.
35. Lesotho. Practice of traditional medicine. International digest of health legislation, 1978, 29:160-161.
36. Lesotho. An Act (No. 17 of 1978) to provide for the establishment of a Medicinemen and Herbalists Council to promote and control the activities of medicinemen and herbalists association. International digest of health legislation, 1981, 32:402.
37. Malawi. An act (No. 17 of 1987) to provide for the establishment of the Medical Council of Malawi, the registration and disciplining of medical practitioners and dentists, the licensing of private practice of medical practitioners and dentists, the regulation of training within Malawi of medical personnel and generally for the control and regulation of the medical profession and practice in Malawi and for matters incidental to or connected therewith. International digest of health legislation, 1988, 39:613-616.
38. Koumare M. La médecine traditionnelle au Mali. Bamako, Institut National de Recherches sur la Pharmacopée et La Médecine Traditionnelle, 1980.
39. Sall B. La médecine traditionnelle en République du Mali. Revue juridique et politique, indépendance et coopération, 1981, 35:117.
40. Decision no. 1831 of 9 December 1981. International digest of health legislation, 1983, 34:122.
41. Ordinance no. 83-136 of 6 June 1983. International digest of health legislation, 1983, 34:369.
42. Mauritius. An Act to provide for the practice and control of Ayurvedic and other traditional systems of therapeutics in Mauritius. International digest of health legislation, 1991, 42:424-426.
43. Clarke E. Traditional medicine in Mozambique. Health systems trust update, October 1998, 37:11.
44. Information provided to WHO by the Ministry of Health and Social Services, Namibia, February 2000.
45. Communication with WHO. Chandler, Arizona, World Chiropractic Alliance, January 2001.
46. Allied Health Service Professions Act, 1993. Act no. 20, 1993. Government Gazette. 2 September 1993, 2:710. Namibia.
47. Ousseini H. Communication with WHO. Chief Physician of the Niamey Hospital, Republic of Niger, 25 August 1982.
48. Order no. 32/MSP/AS/CF of 31 March 1989 establishing the Committee for Studies on Traditional Medicine and Traditional Pharmacopoeia. International digest of health legislation, 1990, 41:308.
49. Sule S. Communication with WHO. National Traditional Medicine Development Programme, Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria, 11 May 2000.
50. Ajai O. The integration of traditional medicine into the Nigerian health care delivery system: legal implications and complications. Medicine and the law, 1990, 8:308.
51. The Medical Rehabilitation Therapists (Registration, etc.) Decree 1988. International digest of health legislation, 1990, 41:598.
52. The National Primary Health Care Development Agency Decree 1992. International digest of health legislation, 1993, 44:576.
53. Liga Medicorum Homeopathica Internationalis, ed. World homeopathy 1998. Selva, Spain, Liga medicorum homeopathica internationalis, 1998.
54. Baldé S, Sterck C. Traditional healers in Casamance, Senegal. World health forum, 1994, 15:390-392.
55. Floyd VD. Communication with WHO. PROMETRA (Promotion des Médecines Traditionnelles), Dakar, Republic of Senegal, 21 July 1997.
56. Sierra Leone. Registration of physicians and dentists. International digest of health legislation, 1969, 20:133.
57. Sierra Leone. A Decree (N. P. R. C. Decree No. 12 of 1994) to establish the Medical and Dental Council, to provide for the registration of medical practitioners and dental surgeons and for other related matters. International digest of health legislation, 1994, 45:462-463.
58. Mayeng I. Integrating traditional medicine into national health care systems, is it an attainable objective? Presented at the WHO consultative meeting on strategy for traditional medicine for the African region 2001-2010, Harare, Zimbabwe, 13-15 December 1999.
59. Clarke E. The collaboration between traditional healers and the department of health. Health systems trust update, October 1998, 37:5.
60. Hess S. Traditional healers in SA. Health systems trust update, October 1998, 37:6-7.
61. Associated Health Service Professions Act, no. 63 of 1982, as amended by the Associated Health Service Professions Amendment Act, no. 108 of 1985 and the Associated Health Service Professions Amendment Act, no. 10 of 1990. South Africa.
62. Regulatory situation of herbal medicines: a worldwide review. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1998 (unpublished document WHO/TRM/98.1; available on request from Traditional Medicine, Department of Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland).
63. Felhaber T, Gericke N. TRAMED final narrative report: 1 June 1994-30 April 1996. Traditional Medicine Programme, University of Capetown, South Africa, 1996 (unpublished document).
64. Gray A. The registration of traditional medicines: a new medicines bill. Health systems trust update, October 1998, 37:9-10.
65. Communication with WHO. Chandler, Arizona, World Chiropractic Alliance, July 2000.
66. Swaziland. Practice of medicine, dentistry, allied health professions, and traditional medicine. International digest of health legislation, 1978, 29:818.
67. Law no. 80-1 of 13 August 1980 embodying the criminal code. Journal officiel de la République Togolaise, 13 August 1980, Special Issue: 1. Togo.
68. Clarke E. Traditional medicine in Uganda. Health systems trust update, October 1998, 37:12.
69. Amooti-Kyomya S. Traditional health systems and the conventional system in Uganda. In: Islam A, Wiltshire R, eds. Traditional health systems and public policy. Ottawa, International Development Research Centre, 1994.
70. Mhame P. Development of national policy on traditional medicine and strategies for integrating traditional medicine into health systems. Presented at the WHO consultative meeting on strategy for traditional medicine for the African region 2001-2010, Harare, Zimbabwe, 13-15 December 1999.
71. Tanzania laws. Chapter 409, Section 37 and Chapter 416, Section 53. Tanzania.
72. Swantz L. The medicine man among the Zamaro of Dar es Salaam. Uppsala, The Scandinavian Institute of African Studies in cooperation with Dar es Salaam University Press, 1990.
73. The national traditional and birth attendants implementation policy. Dar es Salaam, Ministry of Health, United Republic of Tanzania, 1999.
74. Mudondo CM. The role of traditional medicine in the health system: Zambian situation. Presented at the African forum on the role of traditional medicine in health systems, Harare, Zimbabwe, 16-18 February 2000.
75. Matondo IN. Traditional medicine in Zimbabwe. Presented at the International congress on traditional medicine, Beijing, China, 22-24 April 2000.
76. Cavender T. The professionalisation of traditional medicine in Zimbabwe. Human organization, 1988, 47:251-254.
77. Ushewokunze H. An agenda for Zimbabwe. Harare, Zimbabwe, College Press, 1984.
78. Zimbabwe. An Act (No. 31 of 1981) to establish a Natural Therapists Council of Zimbabwe; to provide for the registration and regulation of the practice of homoeopaths, naturopaths and osteopaths in Zimbabwe, and to provide for matters incidental to or connected with the foregoing. International digest of health legislation, 1982, 33:10-12.
79. Zimbabwe. An Act (No. 38 of 1981) to establish a Traditional Medical Practitioners Council; to provide for the registration and regulation of the practice of traditional medical practitioners; and to provide for matters incidental to or connected with the foregoing. International digest of health legislation, 1982, 33:12-14.
80. Chavundka G. ZINATHA: the organization of traditional medicine in Zimbabwe. In: Last M, Chavundka G, eds. The professionalisation of African medicine. Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1986.
81. The chiropractic profession: first draft of technical information on the chiropractic profession. Prepared for the World Health Organization by the World Federation of Chiropractic, 15 January 1999 (unpublished document).
82. Report of the working group of OPS/OMS on traditional, complementary and alternative medicines and therapies, Washington DC, 15-16 November 1999. Washington DC, Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, 1999.
83. Traditional health systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: baseline information. Washington DC, Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, July 2000 (Technical report of a project funded by the National Institutes of Health, USA).
84. Alvarez W. Country presentation. Presented at the WHO workshop on traditional and indigenous medicine in the Americas, Guatemala City, Guatemala, 18-23 March 2001.
85. VI. Family health. Bolivia. Regulation on the conduct of family health activities in Bolivia. International digest of health legislation, 1983, 34:510-512.
86. Liga Medicorum Homeopathica Internationalis, ed. World homeopathy, 2000. Selva, Spain, Liga Medicorum Homeopathica Internationalis, 2000.
87. History of the Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture Association of Canada. In: Progress report 1983-1998. London, Canada, The Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture Association of Canada, 1998.
88. Gray C. Growing popularity of complementary medicine leads to national organization for MDs. Canadian medical association journal, 1997, 157:186-188.
89. Millar WJ. Use of alternative health care practitioners by Canadians. Canadian journal of public health, 1997, 88:154-158.
90. Popularity of alternative medicine still growing in the US, Canada, poll finds. Alternative therapies, 1998, 4:29.
91. Natural health products: a new vision. Ottawa, Library of Parliament, 1998.
92. Perspectives on complementary and alternative health care: a collection of papers prepared for Health Canada. Ottawa, Health Canada, 2001.
93. Natural health products: recent chronology. Ottawa, Health Canada, March 1999.
94. Blais RB, Maiga A, Aboubacar A. How different are users and non-users of alternative medicine? Canadian journal of public health, 1997, 88:159-162.
95. Workbook, ONHP consultation 2000. Available online at http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hpb/onhp
96. Proposed regulatory framework for natural health products. Ottawa, Health Canada, March 2001.
97. Rock A. Presentation by the Health Minister of Canada to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Health. Reproduced in The Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture Association of Canada, 1998, 6:21.
98. Canada (Yukon Territory). The Health Act. International digest of health legislation, 1993, 44:1-5.
99. Regulated Health Professions Act, 1991, Sections 27 and 35. International digest of health legislation, 1993, 44:204.
100. For the relevant laws of the Canadian provinces, see
Alberta: International digest of health legislation, 1967, 18:275-276 and 1969, 20:195.
British Columbia: International digest of health legislation, 1961, 12:718 and 1969, 20:198.
New Brunswick: International digest of health legislation, 1960, 11:88.
Newfoundland and Labrador: The Chiropractors Act, 1992.
Nova Scotia: International digest of health legislation, 1973, 24:67.
Ontario: Regulated Health Professions Act, 1991, Statutes of Ontario, c. 18 and The Chiropractic Act, 1991, c.21.
Prince Edward Island: International digest of health legislation, 1969, 20:422-423.
Quebec: International digest of health legislation, 1975, 26:327-328.
Saskatchewan: Osteopathic Practice Act, c.0-7.
101. Statutes of Ontario, 1991. Ontario, Canada.
102. Chiropractic Profession Act, RSA 1980, c-9.1. Ottawa, Canada.
103. Chiropractic Profession Amendment Regulation (Alberta), Alta. Reg. 82/94. at Section 10.1. The Alberta gazette. 1994, 90:264.
104. Canada (Saskatchewan). An Act (Chapter C-10.1) respecting chiropractors. International digest of health legislation, 1997, 48:3-4.
105. Wigod R. Legalize, regulate acupuncture, Health Professions Council says. The Vancouver sun, 26 November 1993:B7.
106. Cheung CK. President's address. The Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture Association of Canada, 1998, 6:12.
107. Health Disciplines Act (Alberta), Chap. H-3.5. R.S.A., as amended, 1980. Alberta, Canada.
108. Medical Act, 1973, Chapter M-9, as amended. Quebec, Canada.
109. Regulations respecting the practice of acupuncture by persons other than physicians. International digest of health legislation, 1993, 44:208.
110. Guidelines for the practice of acupuncture in the Province of Saskatchewan. (Undated). Regina, Canada.
111. Directive issuing acupuncture guidelines. Whitehorse, Yukon Territory. Yukon Medical Council, 6 May 1986.
112. For the relevant laws of the Canadian provinces, see the following:
Alberta: Naturopathy Act (Alberta), R.S.A. 1980 c. N-6.
Manitoba: Naturopathic Act (Manitoba), L.R.M. 1987, c.N-80.
Saskatchewan: Naturopathy Act (Saskatchewan), c. N-4.
113. Chiropractic Profession Act (Alberta) c. 91, 1984. Alberta, Canada.
114. Ruedy J. Paper on medical schools' approach to the demand for AM/CM at the alternative and complementary medicine conference. Toronto, Institute for International Research, March 1998.
115. The Alberta Health Care Insurance Act. International digest of health legislation, 1993, 44:581.
116. Chapman-Smith D. The chiropractic profession. The chiropractic report, 1993, 7:2.
117. Alberta health bulletin, 26 January 1994, 4:1.
118. Ibacache J, Quidel J, Saez M. Country presentation. Presented at the WHO workshop on traditional and indigenous medicine in the Americas, Guatemala City, Guatemala, 18-23 March 2001.
119. Medina CE. Medicina tradicional en los sistemas locales de salud, informe de Chile. Santiago, Unidad de Medicina Tradicional y Otras Prácticas Médicas Alternativas, Ministerio de Salud de Chile, 1994.
120. Velimirovic B, Velimirovic H. The utilization of traditional medicine and its practitioners in health services: a global overview. In: Velimirovic B, ed. Modern medicine and medical anthropology in the United States/Mexico border population. Washington DC, Pan American Health Organization, 1978 (Scientific Publication, No. 359).
121. Martinez S. Encuentro regional sobre aspectos regulatorios de productos a base de hierbas. Presented at the Regional meeting on regulatory aspects of herbal products, Kingston, Jamaica, 13-16 November 2000.
122. Padron L. Country presentation. Presented at the WHO workshop on traditional and indigenous medicine in the Americas, Guatemala City, Guatemala, 18-23 March 2001.
123. Cuba's health care system. In: Djukanovic V, Mach EP, eds. Alternative approaches to meeting basic health needs in developing countries, a joint UNICEF/WHO study. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1975.
124. Law no. 41 of 13 July 1983 on public health. International digest of health legislation, 1985, 36:13.
125. Decree no. 139 of 4 February 1988 promulgating regulations for the implementation of the law on public health. International digest of health legislation, 1989, 40:800.
126. Manual para el adiestramiento de parteras empiricas, revised ed. Santo Domingo, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of the Dominican Republic, 1973.
127. Supreme Decree no. 188 of 4 February 1971 embodying the health code. International digest of health legislation, 1973, 24:130.
128. Manual de capacitación de parteras empiricas. Quito, Ministry of Health, Ecuador, 1976 (unpublished document).
129. Regulación y Control de Productos Farmaceuticos y Afines. Direccion General de Regulación, Vigilancia y Control de la Salud, November 1999. Guatemala.
130. Guatemala. Acupuncture: Guatemalan Acupuncture Association. International digest of health legislation, 1980, 31:310.
131. Decree no. 75 of 14 November 1966 promulgating the health code of the Republic of Honduras. International digest of health legislation, 1967, 18:733.
132. Changes to Food and Drugs Act proposed. Jamaica gleaner, 28 January 2000.
133. Roxborough P. 'Natural' medicines a hit: distributors raking in big money. Jamaica gleaner, 23 January 2000.
134. Amendments to the Food and Drugs Act and food and drugs regulations to include herbal products: draft cabinet submission. Kingston, Jamaica, Ministry of Health, 2 March 1999.
135. Report of the consultation on approaches for policy development for traditional health practitioners, including traditional birth attendants. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1985 (unpublished document NUR/TRM/85.1; available on request from Traditional Medicine, Department of Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland).
136. Regulations of 20 October 1976. International digest of health legislation, 1978, 29:606.
137. Stepan J. Traditional and alternative systems of medicine: a comparative review of legislation. International digest of health legislation, 1985, 36:283-333.
138. Villalba ED. Salud de los pueblos indigenas. El caso de los Ngöbe-Buglé de Panama: informe de consultoria Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Panama, December 2000 (unpublished document).
139. Decreto Supremo no. 010-97-SA. Reglamento para el Registro, Control y Vigilancia Sanitaria de Productos Farmaceuticos y Afines. Ministry of Health, 1997. Peru.
140. Public Law 103-43, 10 June 1993. United States of America.
141. Eisenberg D et al. Trends in alternative medicine use in the US, 1990-1997. Journal of the American Medical Association, 11 November 1998, 280:1569-1575.
142. Eisenberg D et al. Unconventional medicine in the US: prevalence, costs, and patterns of use. English journal of medicine, 1993, 323:673.
143. Alternative medicine: expanding medical horizons. A report to the National Institutes of Health on alternative medical systems and practices in the United States. Washington DC, US Government Printing Office, 1994.
144. Cohen MH. Legal boundaries and regulatory perspectives. Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
145. Corpus juris secundum. St. Paul, Minnesota, West Publishing Co., 1987, 70:396.
146. McKinney's consolidated laws of New York annotated. Book 16. St. Paul, Minn., West Publishing Co.
147. United States of America. Practice of certain health professions: miscellaneous provisions. International digest of health legislation, 1974, 25:461-464.
148. United States of America. Grants for establishment of departments of family medicine. International digest of health legislation, 1983, 34:498-499.
149. 1993-1994 Official directory: chiropractic licensure and practice statistics. Greeley, Colorado, Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards.
150. Riddle JW. Report of the New York State Commission on Acupuncture (legal considerations). In: Kao FF, Kao JJ, eds. Recent advances in acupuncture research. Garden City, New York, Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science and Medicine, 1979.
151. Unites States of America. Acupuncture. International digest of health legislation, 1975, 26:899-900.
152. Schwartz R. Acupuncture and expertise: a challenge to physician control. The Hastings Centre report, 1981, 11:5.
153. United States of America. Rhode Island. Acupuncture. International digest of health legislation, 1979, 30:665-666.
154. An act (Chapter 168 of the Laws of 1980) relating to acupuncture clinics. International digest of health legislation, 1982, 33:252-264.
155. Laws and regulations relating to the practice of acupuncture, 2000. Sacramento, California, Acupuncture Board, 2000.
156. Wardwell WI. Alternative medicine in the United States. Social science and medicine, 1994, 38:1061.
157. Law of 9 August 1975. International digest of health legislation, 1979, 30:905.
158. Algeria. Protection of public health: Public Health Code. International digest of health legislation, 1978, 29:261-317.
159. Journal officiel de la République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire, 17 February 1985, 8:122.
160. Law no. 85-05 of 16 February 1985 on health protection and promotion. International digest of health legislation, 1985, 36:909 (as amended by Law no. 90-17 of 31 July 1990. International digest of health legislation, 1991, 42:229).
161. The Chiropractors' Registration Law of 1991 (No. 62 of 1991). Cyprus.
162. Report on the intercountry expert meeting on traditional medicine and primary health care, Cairo, Egypt, 30 November-3 December 1992. Alexandria, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, December 1992.
163. Zhang X. Duty travel report. Geneva. World Health Organization, 15 May 2001 (unpublished document).
164. An act and notes for guidance aiming at ensuring the safety and quality of herbal remedies (The Herbal Remedies Act). Sulaibekhat, Kuwait, The Islamic Organization for Medical Sciences and the World Health Organization, 21-23 April 1986.
165. Ordinance no. 65 of 7 June 1962. International digest of health legislation, 1965, 16:168.
166. Pakistan. Practice of traditional medicine. International digest of health legislation, 1967, 18:428.
167. Statutory rules and orders, 1970, V:78-89. Pakistan.
168. Regulations for registration of herbal preparations, health and supplementary food, cosmetics and antiseptics that have medical claims. Directorate of Pharmaceutical Licences, General Directorate of Medical and Pharmaceutical Licences, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (undated). Saudi Arabia.
169. Federal Law no. 7 of 1975 on the practice of human medicine. International digest of health legislation, 1976, 27:893.
170. Federal Law no. 5/1984 on the practice of certain medical professions by persons other than physicians and pharmacists, Sections 1 and 2. International digest of health legislation, 1984, 35:745.
171. Galadari M. Herbal drug registration in the UAE. Presented at the Ninth international conference of drug regulatory authorities, Berlin, Germany, 28 April 1999.
172. Maddalena S. The legal status of complementary medicines in Europe - a comparative analysis. Bern, Stämpfli, 1999.
173. Ärztegezetzes 1984. BGBl (Bundesgesetzblätter) no. 373. Austria.
174. BGBl (Bundesgesetzblätter) no. 378/1996. Austria.
175. Loi du 29 avril 1999 relative aux pratiques non conventionnelles dans les domaines de l'art médical, de l'art pharmaceutique, de la kinésithérapie, de l'art infirmier et des professions médicales. Moniteur Beige, 24 June 1999, 169. Belgium.
176. The Act Concerning Health Care Professionals 559/1994 of 28 June 1994. Finland.
177. Solimene U. Communication with WHO. Direttore Professor Centro di Ricerche in Bioclimatologia Medica Biotechnologie - Medicine Naturali, Universita Degli Studi di Milano, Italie (Professor and Director, Centre of Research in Bioclimatology, Biotechnologies and Natural Medicine, State University of Milan, Milan, Italy), 1999.
178. Gesetz über das Gesundheitswesen vom 18. Dezember 1985. Liechtensteinisches Landesgestzblatt, 1986, 12.
179. Verordnung über die medizinischen Berufe vom 8. November 1988 (Order I). Liechtensteinisches Landesgestzblatt, 1988, 51.
180. Verordnung über die andere Berufe der Gesundheitspflege vom 16. März 1989 (Order II). Liechtensteinisches Landesgestzblatt, 1989, 30.
181. Report of the Chinese-Norwegian health seminar. Oslo, Norway, 20-23 November 2000. Oslo, Norwegian Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, January 2001.
182. Russian Federation. Principles of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens. International digest of health legislation, 1994, 45:3-6.
183. Complementary and alternative medicine, 6th report. London, House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology, 21 November 2000.
184. Rahman L, Azizul Islam HH. Development of indigenous systems of medicine in Bangladesh. Presented at the WHO regional seminar on the Traditional Medicine Programme, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1-5 April 1977 (unpublished document SEA/Trad Med/1).
185. II. Health Manpower. Bangladesh. An Ordinance (No. XXXII of 1983) to provide for the regulation of the qualifications and registration of practitioners of Unani and Ayurvedic systems of medicine. International digest of health legislation, 1984, 35:565-568.
186. Islam HA. Legislation in the development of traditional medicine in Bangladesh. International digest of health legislation, 1985, 36:525, 527.
187. Dorji P. Traditional medicine system in Bhutan. In: Traditional medicine, better science, policy and services for health development: proceedings of a WHO International Symposium, Awaji Island, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, 11-13 September 2000. Kobe, Japan, World Health Organization Centre for Health Development, 2001 (unpublished document; available on request from the WHO Centre for Health Development, I.H.D. Centre Building, 9th Floor, 1-5-1 Wakinohama-Kaigandori, Chuo-ku Kobe 651-0073, Japan).
188. Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Health protection and promotion: general provisions. International digest of health legislation, 1980, 31:490-493.
189. Ritiasa K. Jamu and traditional medicine practices in Indonesia. In: Traditional medicine, better science, policy and services for health development: proceedings of a WHO International Symposium, Awaji Island, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, 11-13 September 2000. Kobe, Japan, World Health Organization Centre for Health Development, 2001 (unpublished document; available on request from the WHO Centre for Health Development, I.H.D. Centre Building, 9th Floor, 1-5-1 Wakinohama-Kaigandori, Chuo-ku Kobe 651-0073, Japan).
190. Untoro R. Database inventory and registry of biological resources and traditional knowledge. Presented at the ASEAN workshop on the TRIPS agreement and traditional medicine, Jakarta, Indonesia, 12-15 February 2001.
191. Roemer MI. National health systems of the world. Vol. 1. New York, Oxford University Press, 1991.
192. Kim-Farley RJ. Communication with WHO. WHO Representative, Indonesia, 22 February 1994.
193. Country review of traditional medicine programme in Indonesia. Presented at the WHO regional seminar on the Traditional Medicine Programme, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1-5 April 1977 (unpublished document SEA/Trad Med/1).
194. Rules of 25 August 1955 of the Ministry of Health. Myanmar.
195. Tin U. Traditional medicine of Burma. Presented at the WHO regional seminar on the Traditional Medicine Programme, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1-5 April 1977 (unpublished document SEA/Trad Med/1).
196. Khakurel BK. The regulation of herbal medicines in Nepal. Presented at the Eighth international conference of drug regulatory authorities, Manama, Bahrain, 11 November 1996.
197. A short account of the ayurvedic activities in Nepal. Presented at the WHO regional seminar on the Traditional Medicine Programme, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1-5 April 1977 (unpublished document SEA/Trad Med/1).
198. The Ayurvedic Medical Council Act, no. 21 of 2045 (1988). International digest of health legislation, 1992, 43:24.
199. Pigott W. Research and development of traditional and natural medicine. WHO representative, Nepal, 13 February 1996 (unpublished document).
200. Country review from Sri Lanka. Presented at the WHO regional seminar on the Traditional Medicine Programme, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1-5 April 1977 (unpublished document SEA/Trad Med/1).
201. The ayurvedic physicians professional conduct rules, 1971. International digest of health legislation, 1974, 25:435.
202. Development, 1931-1981. Colombo, Sri Lanka, Ministry of Plan Implementation, 1981.
203. Ceylon. Homeopathy. International digest of health legislation, 1971, 22:209-210.
204. Herbal medicine practice in Thailand. In: Traditional medicine, its contribution to human health development in the new century, report of an international symposium, Kobe, Japan, 6 November 1999. Kobe, Japan, World Health Organization Centre for Health Development, 2000 (unpublished document; available on request from the WHO Centre for Health Development, I.H.D. Centre Building, 9th Floor, 1-5-1 Wakinohama-Kaigandori, Chuo-ku Kobe 651-0073, Japan).
205. Thaïlande. In: Grand Larousse Encyclopédique. Paris, Larousse.
206. Memorandum on the draft process report by the Director-General to the Fifty-first world health assembly on TRM. Manila, Traditional Medicine, WHO Western Pacific Regional Office, 20 March 1997.
207. Australian commentary on Halsbury's laws of England, 4th ed. Sydney, Butterworths, 1990.
208. For the relevant laws of the Australian states, see the following:
South Australia: The Chiropractors Act 1991 (no. 6 of 1991). International digest of health legislation, 1992, 43:22.
Capital Territory: The Chiropractors Registration Ordinance 1983 (no. 28 of 1983). International digest of health legislation, 1987, 38:456.
Victoria: The Chiropractors and Osteopaths Act 1978, no. 9161.
New South Wales: Chiropractic Act, 1978, no. 132.
209. Chiropractic, osteopathy, homeopathy and naturopathy: report of committee of inquiry. Canberra, The Acting Commonwealth Government Printer, 1977 (Parliamentary Paper, No. 102/1977).
210. Commonwealth Law bulletin, October 1993, 1362.
211. Overview of the regulatory requirements for the manufacture and supply of medicine in Australia and for export. Woden, Australia, Therapeutic Goods Administration, November 1999.
212. Acupuncture college handbook 1994. Sydney, Australia, University of Technology, 1994.
213. Technical briefing on traditional medicine. Presented at the Forty-ninth regional committee meeting, Manila, Philippines, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 18 September 1998.
214. Cambodia. Practice of unofficial medicine and pharmacy. International digest of health legislation, 1965, 16:40-41.
215. Hiegel JP. The ICRC and traditional Khmer medicine. International review of the Red Cross, 1981, 21:251.
216. Drug registration: mission report in Cambodia 17 January-13 February 1997. Manila, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 24 April 1997.
217. Xiaopin W. Review of traditional Chinese medicine practice in China. In: Traditional medicine, better science, policy and services for health development: proceedings of a WHO International Symposium, Awaji Island, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, 11-13 September 2000. Kobe, Japan, World Health Organization Centre for Health Development, 2001 (unpublished document; available on request from the WHO Centre for Health Development, I.H.D. Centre Building, 9th Floor, 1-5-1 Wakinohama-Kaigandori, Chuo-ku Kobe 651-0073, Japan).
218. Zhang X. Traditional medicine world-wide review. In: Traditional medicine, better science, policy and services for health development: proceedings of a WHO International Symposium, Awaji Island, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, 11-13 September 2000. Kobe, Japan, World Health Organization Centre for Health Development, 2001 (unpublished document; available on request from the WHO Centre for Health Development, I.H.D. Centre Building, 9th Floor, 1-5-1 Wakinohama-Kaigandori, Chuo-ku Kobe 651-0073, Japan).
219. Zhang X. Integration of traditional medicine into national health care systems. Presented at the Medicus Mundi Switzerland workshop on the integration of traditional medicine into public health, Lausanne, Switzerland, 4 April 1998.
220. Jingfeng C. Integration of traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine - right or wrong? Social science and medicine, 1988, 27:521-528.
221. Chen PC. Population and health policy in the People's Republic of China. Washington DC, Interdisciplinary Communications Programme, Smithsonian Institution, 1976 (Occasional Monograph Series, No. 9).
222. State administration of traditional Chinese medicine, 14 January 1989. Beijing.
223. Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Public Health and Personnel Department for the Unified Examination Given to Personnel without Official Education Employed as Physicians (Assistants) of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Herbs), 31 December 1985. Beijing.
224. Circular of re-check of persons who are proficient in a particular branch of traditional Chinese medicine. Beijing, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 12 August 1989.
225. Provisional management stipulations for privately practising doctors of Western medicine and physicians of traditional Chinese medicine. Beijing, Ministry of Public Health and State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 21 November 1988.
226. Additional regulations to the management stipulations for privately practising personnel of traditional Chinese medicine. Beijing, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 3 May 1989.
227. Some regulations for strengthening the management of medical qigong treatment (trial implementation). Beijing, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 19 October 1989.
228. Roemer MI. Comparative national policies on health care. New York, M Dekker, 1977.
229. Rosenthal MM. Modernization and health care in the People's Republic of China: the period of transition. In: Rosenthal MM, ed. Health care systems and their patients: an international perspective. Boulder, Westview Press, 1992.
230. Leung TH. Traditional medicine in Hong Kong, China. Presented at the Workshop on development of national policy on traditional medicine, Beijing, China, 11-15 October 1999.
231. Chen K. Fiji national workshop on traditional medicine: mission report 25-31 March 2001. Manila, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 10 July 2001.
232. Fiji. Practice of medicine, dentistry, chiropractic, and acupuncture. International digest of health legislation, 1979, 30:531-533.
233. The Acupuncturists, Chiropractors and Chiropodists (Qualification) Regulations, 1976, and the Acupuncturists, Chiropractors and Chiropodists Regulations, 1976. International digest of health legislation, 1979, 30:532.
234. Yamamura Y. The history of kampo medicine and its development in modern Japan. In: Hosoya E, Yamamura Y, eds. Recent advances in the pharmacology of kampo (Japanese herbal) medicines. Tokyo, Excerpta Medica Ltd., 1988 (International Congress Series 854).
235. Terasawa K. The problems that should be resolved in Japanese oriental (kampo) medicine. In: International forum on Japanese oriental (kampo) medicine in Toyama, Japan, 29-29 July 1990. Toyama, Japan, Department of Japanese Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1990.
236. Ministry of Health and Welfare. The year book of statistics of production by the pharmaceutical industry, 1998. (original in Japanese). Tokyo, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1999.
237. Nikkei Medical, October 2000 (Supplement) (original in Japanese).
238. Communication with WHO. The Ministry of Health and Welfare, Government of Japan, August 2000 (original in Japanese).
239. Japanese/English pharmaceutical administration in Japan, 9th ed. Tokyo, Yakuji Nippo, Ltd., 2000.
240. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Traditional medicines in Japan. In: Proceedings of the fourth international conference of drug regulatory authorities, Tokyo. 6-11 July 1986. Tokyo, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1986.
241. Japanese pharmacopoeia, 13th ed. Tokyo, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1996.
242. The Japanese standards for herbal medicines. Tokyo, Yakuji Nippo, Ltd., 1993.
243. Communication with WHO. Japan Pharmacists Education Centre, August 2000 (original in Japanese).
244. Communication with WHO. The Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, August 2000 (original in Japanese).
245. Tsuruoka K, Tsuruoka Y, Kajii E. Complementary medicine education in Japanese medical schools: a survey. Complementary therapies in medicine, 2001, 9:28-33.
246. Communication with WHO. The Japan Society for Oriental Medicine, August 2000 (original in Japanese).
247. General information on the research institute for WAKAN-YAKU. Toyama, Japan, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, March 1990 (original in Japanese).
248. Metai A. Traditional medicine practices in Kiribati. Presented at the International congress on traditional medicine, Beijing, China, 22-24 April 2000.
249. Ekeieta B. Traditional medicine in Kiribati. Presented at the Workshop on development of national policy on traditional medicine, Beijing, China, 11-15 October 1999.
250. Kiribati. An Act (No. 9 of 1981) to amend the Medical and Dental Practitioners Ordinance (Cap. 55) so as to legalise the practice of traditional healing methods and permit practitioners to charge for their services. International digest of health legislation, 1982, 33:243.
251. Keola K. Traditional medicine in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Presented at the Workshop on development of national policy on traditional medicine, Beijing, China, 11-15 October 1999.
252. The work of WHO in the Western Pacific Region: proposed programme budget 1991-1993. In: Diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative technology. Manila. WHO Western Pacific. Regional Office, 1993.
253. Malaysia. Registration of physicians and practice of medicine. International digest of health legislation, 1975, 26:170-172.
254. Malaysia. Registration of midwives. International digest of health legislation, 1975, 26:165-166.
255. National seminar on uses of traditional/alternative medicine in contemporary health care: mission report in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 21-25 December 1997. Manila, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 12 May 1998.
256. Acupuncture and moxibustion for primary medical care: mission report in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 14 June-14 July 1998. Manila, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 23 October 1998.
257. Bold S. Country report: Mongolia. Presented at the Workshop on development of national policy on traditional medicine, Beijing, China, 11-15 October 1999.
258. Research methods on medicinal plants and their role as immunostimulants: mission report in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 10 September-3 October 1998. Manila, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 27 November 1998.
259. Ambihaipahar U. Country report: Papua New Guinea. Presented at the Workshop on development of national policy on traditional medicine, Beijing, China, 11-15 October 1999.
260. Banaynal ET. Country report: Philippines. Presented at the Workshop on development of national policy on traditional medicine. Beijing, China, 11-15 October 1999.
261. The work of WHO in the Western Pacific Region: proposed programme budget 1993-1995. In: Diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative technology. Manila, WHO Western Pacific Regional Office, 1995.
262. Official gazette, 28 March 1983, 79:1852. Philippines.
263. Oriental medicine in Korea. Republic of Korea, Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, 1994.
264. 2000 Health and Welfare Services. Republic of Korea, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2000.
265. Republic of Korea. The Medical Treatment Act. International digest of health legislation, 1992, 43:14-15.
266. Ainuu LSP. Traditional medicine in Samoa. Presented at the Workshop on development of national policy on traditional medicine, Beijing, China, 11-15 October 1999.
267. Chea CHA. The development of national policy on traditional medicine in Singapore. Presented at the Workshop on development of national policy on traditional medicine, Beijing, China, 11-15 October 1999.
268. The work of WHO in the Western Pacific Region: proposed programme budget 1995-1996. In: Diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative technology. Manila, WHO Western Pacific Regional Office, 1996.
269. Maenu'u LP. Traditional medicine in Solomon Islands. Presented at the Workshop on development of national policy on traditional medicine, Beijing, China, 11-15 October 1999.
270. The Health Practitioners Act no. 5 of 1984. Date of assent: April 20, 1983. Vanuatu.
271. The Health Practitioners (Ancillary Medical Profession) Order no. 32 of 1985. International digest of health legislation, 1987, 38:31.
272. Developing a national policy and strategic plan for traditional medicine: mission report in Hanoi, Viet Nam, 11-31 October 1997. Manila, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 29 May 1998.
273. Workshop on the modernisation of traditional medicine: mission report in Hanoi, Viet Nam, 7-11 April 1997. Manila, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 16 May 1997.
274. Integration of acupuncture with modern rehabilitation medicine: mission report in Hanoi, Viet Nam, 11-28 October 1997. Manila, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 25 May 1998.
275. Law of 30 June 1989 on the protection of public health. International digest of health legislation, 1990, 41:15.
276. Regulations of 1991 on medical examinations and treatment within the framework of the national system of traditional medicine. International digest of health legislation, 1993, 44:18.
277. The Criminal Code of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, Section 196. International digest of health legislation, 1988, 39:2.
278. Ordinance on Private Medical and Pharmaceutical Practice. Hanoi, Vietnam, Permanent Committee of the Ninth National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, 13 October 1993.
279. Second national workshop on national policy on traditional medicine: mission report in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, 28 June-5 July 1998. Manila, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 28 September 1998.
280. Baeyens A. Free movement of goods and services in health care: a comment on the court cases Decker and Kohll from a Belgian point of view. European journal of health law, 1999, 6:373-383.
281. Keller K. Homeopathic medicinal products in Germany and Europe: legal requirements for registration and marketing authorization. Drug in formation journal, 1998, 32:803-811.
282. Official Journal EC, 13 October 1992, L 297:8-11, 12-15.
283. Official Journal EC, 22 April 1992, L 102:23-24, 102-155.
Chargement en cours...
