Country

Frequency

Antigua

1

Argentina

2

Australia

11

Austria

1

Bangladesh

1

Belgium

5

Canada

13

Croatia

2

Cuba

2

Czech Republic

4

Denmark

2

Ecuador

1

Egypt

1

Estonia

1

Fiji

1

Finland

2

France

10

Germany

5

Ghana

1

Greece

1

Hungary

1

Iceland

2

India

4

Indonesia

5

Iraq

1

Islamic Republic of Iran

1

Ireland

2

Italy

3

Kenya

1

Korea (Republic of)

3

Lebanon

2

Lithuania

1

Malaysia

5

Mauritius

1

Mozambique

1

Nepal

2

New Zealand

5

Norway

2

Pakistan

2

Palestinian Self-Rule Areas

1

Peru

1

Philippines

4

Poland

3

Portugal

3

Romania

2

Serbia and Montenegro

1

Slovakia

1

South Africa

10

Spain

12

Sri Lanka

1

Sweden

5

Switzerland

3

China, Province of Taiwan

2

Thailand

7

The Netherlands

3

Turkey

5

Uganda

3

UK

9

Ukraine

1

USA

35

Venezuela

1

Yemen

1

Zambia

1

Zimbabwe

2

TOTAL

228

WHO African Region

Frequency

South Africa

10

Uganda

3

Zimbabwe

2

Ghana

1

Kenya

1

Mauritius

1

Mozambique

1

Zambia

1

Total number of responses

20

WHO Region of the Americas

Frequency

USA

35

Canada

13

Argentina

2

Cuba

2

Antigua

1

Ecuador

1

Peru

1

Venezuela

1

Total number of responses

56

WHO South-East Asia Region

Frequency

Thailand

7

Indonesia

5

India

4

Nepal

2

Bangladesh

1

Sri Lanka

1

Total number of responses

20

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

Frequency

Lebanon

2

Pakistan

2

Egypt

1

Iraqn

1

Islamic Republic of Iran

1

Palestinian Self-Rule Areas

1

Yemen

1

Total per region

9

WHO Western Pacific Region

Frequency

Australia

11

Malaysia

5

New Zealand

5

Philippines

4

Republic of Korea

3

China, Province of Taiwan

2

Fiji

1

Total per region

31

WHO European Region

Frequency

Spain

12

France

10

UK

9

Belgium

5

Germany

5

Sweden

5

Turkey

5

Czech Republic

4

Italy

3

Poland

3

Portugal

3

Switzerland

3

The Netherlands

3

Croatia

2

Denmark

2

Finland

2

Iceland

2

Ireland

2

Norway

2

Romania

2

Austria

1

Estonia

1

Greece

1

Hungary

1

Lithuania

1

Serbia and Montenegro

1

Slovakia

1

Ukraine

1

Total per region

92

Country

Frequency

USA

35

Canada

13

Spain

12

Australia

11

South Africa

10

France

10

UK

9

Thailand

7

Indonesia

5

Belgium

5

Germany

5

Sweden

5

Turkey

5

Malaysia

5

New Zealand

5

Course name

No.

Pharmacology or ‘basic pharmacology’

22

Clinical pharmacology

21

Pharmacotherapy, therapeutics, pharmacotherapeutics or ‘rational pharmacotherapy’

12

Ethics, bioethics or medical ethics

6

Rational drug use/ rational use of medicines

5

Pharmacology and toxicology

4

Personal & professional development

3

Bachelor of Medicine

2

General practice

2

Health economics for medical students

2

Pharmacology and therapeutics

2

Practice of medicine (2): managing conflicts of interests - physician and pharmaceutical industry relations (1)

2

2nd year symposium on commercialisation of medicine; 3rd year problem-based learning case on relations with pharmaceutical industry

1

Clinical epidemiology - problem-based curriculum (PBL)

1

Clinical sciences & Investigative medicine

1

Community medicine,

1

Critical appraisal

1

Critical approach to the biomedical literature

1

Degeneration and diseases of aging (Topic: effects of drug promotion on prescribing behaviour)

1

Delivery of health care

1

Development of medicines: clinical research methodology

1

Doctoring

1

Drug companies activities and medical ethics

1

Family medicine

1

Improving rational antibiotic use in Chinese hospitals

1

Information on medicines and publicity

1

Integrated in the course Medical drugs in society

1

Integrated in the problem-based curriculum

1

Issues in medicine

1

Medical personal & professional development (year 2), year 4 common programme

1

Medical sociology

1

Part of clinical discussion of 3 hours on dispensing and prescribing

1

Prescribing

1

Psychiatry clerkship (1 1/2 hr)

1

Public health

1

Scientific basis of medicine

1

Social pharmacology

1

The development of medicine

1

Use of medicines

1

Course name

No.

Pharmacy practice

6

Health care ethics or pharmacy ethics

5

Pharmacy law

5

Pharmaceutical marketing; and hospital pharmacy (2); and healthcare system (1)

4

Pharmacology; 2hr drug information course re relationship with drug industry (1)

4

Clinical pharmacy; deontology and pharmaceutical legislation (1)

3

Forensic pharmacy

3

Pharmacotherapy; applied pharmacotherapeutics

3

Pharmacy - critical appraisal series

3

Pharmacy in the health care system

3

Profession of pharmacy

3

Communication skills

2

Industrial pharmacy practice; industrial pharmacy modules

2

Public health pharmacy (Year 1)

2

Social pharmacy

2

Pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacoeconomics

1

Pharmacy information systems and literature evaluation

1

Biomedical literature evaluation

Biopharm and drug registration

Community pharmacy practice, dispensing lab.

Drug literature evaluation

Drug regulation, pharmaceutics

Drug use, drug information, the pharmaceutical organizations and the law, economy

Foundations of pharmacy; issues in pharmacy (2 courses)

Health policy and pharmacy management, case conference on pharmacotherapy, clinical drug trials

Hospital pharmacy

Included in courses: information sources; drug policy; pharmacy & law;

Medicines promotion at the pharmaceutical market

Pharmaceutical care; pharmaceutical regulations and deontology

Pharmaceutical regulatory affairs (translation)

Pharmaco informatics (Year 2)

Provincial and national healthcare

Subject

No.

Clinical pharmacology

7

Pharmacology

6

Pharmaceutical marketing

2

Continuing education and information

Development of new drugs and healthcare products (Desarrollo de nuevos fármacos y productos sanitario)

Doctors and the pharmaceutical industry

Drug pedagogics

Ethics of the pharmaceutical industry

Family medicine electives

Health policy elective

Improving rational antibiotic use in Chinese hospitals

Molecules to man

Pharmacoeconomics

Pharmacoepidemiology

Pharmacotherapy

Physicians and Big Pharma

Promoting rational drug use (promotion included in course)

Sources of pharmacological information on medicines (Fuentes de información farmacologica de medicamentos)

Subject

No

Pharmaceutical marketing

4

Hospital pharmacy

2

Pharmaceutical sales techniques; Principles of pharmaceutical marketing

2

Pharmacoepidemiology

2

Clinical pharmacy

Communication

Drug promotion

Drugs & behaviour (drugs & society), drug education

Ethics in pharmacy practice

Health policy analysis

Healthcare management

Information and communication

International health care systems

Intro to health care delivery

Management for the pharmacist

Non-prescription drug therapy

Pharmaceutical policy

Pharmacoeconomics

Pharmacy and law

Understanding the pharmaceutical industry (connaissance de l’industrie pharmaceutique)

Specialty

No.

Clinical pharmacology

8

All or most

5

Internal medicine

4

Pharmacology

4

Family medicine

3

General practice

2

Paediatrics

2

Psychiatry

2

Clinical pharmacology and toxicology

General surgery

Master degree

Medicine

Module on therapeutics for the national exam [module 11 - items de thérapeutique générale dans le cadre de l’examen national classant (en remplacement de l’internat]

Neurology

Obstetrics & gynaecology

Urology

Specialty

No.

Community pharmacy (includes post graduate community pharmacy training)

4

Hospital pharmacy

2

Pharmacy practice residency

2

As part of summer Practical Pharmacy training for 300 hours total period

Business pharmacy track

Clinical pharmacy

Drug information practice residency

Postgraduate level

Professional doctors in pharmacy and medicine

No.

Community health programmes

Field work in clinics and hospitals

In the clinics and on the wards there are discussions

A new module for students - critical appraisal of clinical trials (nouveau module pour les étudiants du DCEM2 et 3: Lecture critique d’articles: analyse des essais thérapeutiques)

It sometimes is mentioned briefly in other courses

During critical appraisal sessions conducted in journal clubs

2

I teach at a course for students at the “biopharmaceutical science programme” - more directed at supplying Pharma with R & D professions. Course on clinical trials methodology examines evidence for various promotional statements.

Opportunistic discussions on ward rounds and in clinics

Topic is discussed during all items concerning drug choice and prescribing, as antidepressive agents, antihistaminica, antibiotics, antihypertensive agents. etc

Assignments to publish a drug brochure

Conferences arranged according to new trends and actual problems

Seminars

We issue projects on evidence based prescribing to be completed by students

Informally, at rounds, while doing clinics, while seeing drug reps

Handing out articles on relevant matters (eg recent quarrel about brand/generic ARVs)

Case studies following visits to doctors’ surgeries and pharmacies

Within short training course on promoting rational drug use

Included in pharmacology lectures

One to one on ward rounds, at clinics etc.

I am asked to present at Grand Rounds; I and others speak to our residents and fellows when I attend

On clinical rotations faculty are encouraged to address this - it is sporadic and dependent of faculty preceptor

I work it into all my teachings but many colleagues feel differently and either do none, or teach the opposite, i.e. that my view is paranoid or is “serving the government”

Via e-campus

Post grad course on clinical and experimental pharmacology

Largely the hidden curriculum; student initiatives - no free lunch speakers etc.

In “promoting rational drug use” courses and also courses/workshops on “drug and therapeutics committees”

The issues of drug promotion come up continuously during student training. I would be amazed if the students here were not very aware of the issues.

Not consistently. Former Merck rep discussed drug industry promotional tactics from “insider” perspective; group of students has set up similar “no free lunch” group involving one seminar (debate with medical rep)

Seminar on clinical pharmacology

At times, the subject surfaces in classes in BioEthics

Drug fair

We have a drug information centre which provides education and training to health professionals - this includes drug promotion

Post graduate dispensing course for doctors

Faculty has a student group “Students Involved in Rational Health Activity” they also have a few activities in drug promotion

Medical ethics - chapter on access to innovations and information (Ethique médicale; chapitre sur l’accès à l’innovation et sur l’information)

Through informal extracurricular evening sessions (one per semester) through other contacts within our problem-based curriculum

Considerable time spent educating general practitioners

Formation médicale continue des cardiologues

Also as part of drug information course - required course

Course on the pharmaceutical industry

In some lectures (other than pharmacotherapy course) I explain about drug promotions and how drug companies affect doctors to prescribe their medications

It is discussed when specific groups of drugs are presented e.g. SSRI or proton pump inhibitors or NSAIDs

I’m not clear on what question means; we integrate it into clinical pharmacology, evidence-based medicine and ethics teaching within the curriculum over the full 5 years of the B.Med programme

2nd year pharmacology course

Included in subject “clinical pharmacology” an hour or so - plus some years a seminar with the students (2hours). Use WHO video “Good morning Mrs Dealer”. Plus 3 hour bioethics for post grads

Pharmacology and therapeutics involve rational drug therapy and rational prescribing and understanding essential drug concept and criticism on drug combinations

During therapeutic teaching

Refer to this contentious issue during discussion on therapeutics

Because I was responsible for some years for drug advertising control in Lithuania and for drug information, I learn promotion praxis; during pharmacology lectures/seminars I always present cases of wrong drug promotion and familiarise students with rules

Intermittent lectures to interested students and residents. In addition, a module on this topic is included - but not every year - in a required course for medical students

Instruction in pharmacoeconomics, evidence-based medicine and medical ethics

Information on promotion included in “Advanced Therapeutics” Course at end of 4th year Medicine just before students write their licensing exams

One seminar within the speciality of family medicine

Occasionally during lectures of basic or clinical pharmacology

Course on information on medicines “cours sur l’information sur le medicament”

As a component of the Medical Ethics course which is compulsory for all students

Brief mention in Medical Pharmacology course