The sampling frame applied in the study was adapted from that proposed in the initial WHO research protocol The study was carried out over a period of four months, covering two regions: Busoga (Jinja, Iganga, and Kamuli districts) in Eastern Uganda and Ankole (Mbarara and Bushenyi districts) in Western Uganda. In each of the two regions, three different settings were selected: urban, semi-rural, and remote. In each of the three settings, two communities selected at the parish level (Resistance Council II) were included in the study. These communities were selected in such a way that they allowed for comparison in terms of relative distance to medical facility, household structure, and level of urbanization. Particular attention was also extended to conditions which determine the level of vulnerability to disease, for example the availability of clean water and the general economic conditions of the people in the area. In each of the six communities selected for each region, 60 households with children below the age of five years were randomly selected using the cluster sampling technique. Only families with children below the age of five were selected because these families experience many illness episodes, A total of 360 households in each region were visited.

Figure 1: Sampling frame Uganda study injection practices