The TRIPs Agreement and Pharmaceuticals: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The TRIPs Agreement and Pharmaceuticals
(2000; 91 pages)

Índice de contenido

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
I. INTRODUCTION
II. GENERAL ISSUES
	2.1 Background
		2.1.1 The World Trade Organization
		2.1.2 The philosophy of Intellectual Property Rights
		2.1.3 The importance of intellectual property rights for national development.
		2.1.4 The World Intellectual Property Organization
	2.2 WHO’s perspective on globalization and access to drugs
	2.3 The history of the TRIPs negotiations
	2.4 Stakeholders’ views
		2.4.1 The international innovative pharmaceutical industry’s perspective (IFPMA)
		2.4.2 A national pharmaceutical industry perspective (GP Farmasi, Indonesia)
		2.4.3 A consumer’s perspective (Consumers International)
	2.5 Country experiences
		2.5.1 Experiences with the introduction of patents for pharmaceuticals
		2.5.2 Development of TRIPs-compliant legislation in developing countries
III. TECHNICAL ISSUES
	3.1 General overview of the TRIPs Agreement
	3.2 Standards for patentability
	3.3 Compulsory license
	3.4 Parallel import
	3.5 Exceptions to the exclusive rights
	3.6 Enforcement
	3.7 Opposition procedures
	3.8 Increasing access to HIV/AIDS drugs - Thailand’s experience
	3.9 Undisclosed information
	3.10 Trademarks, public health and drugs
	3.11 State practice and WTO participation
	3.12 TRIPs Review
IV. SPECIAL ISSUES
	4.1 Traditional medicinal knowledge & intellectual property rights
	4.2 Implications of the TRIPs Agreement on Biotechnology
	4.3 Biodiversity
		4.3.1 Biodiversity Convention
		4.3.2 Geographical indications
V. ISSUES DISCUSSED IN WORKING GROUPS
VI. RECOMMENDATIONS
ANNEXES
	ANNEX A - Workshop Agenda
	ANNEX B - Opening Remarks
	ANNEX C - Selected Articles of the TRIPS Agreement
	ANNEX D - List of Participants

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The following persons made suggestions and provided comments on earlier drafts of this report or on parts thereof; their assistance is gratefully acknowledged:

Budiono Santoso (WHO, Manila), German Velasquez (WHO, Geneva), Kin Shein (WHO, New Delhi), Linda Sitanggang (MOH, Indonesia), Lucky Slamet (MOH, Indonesia), Matthew Kennedy (WTO, Geneva), Mawarwati Djamaluddin (MOH, Indonesia), and staff of the ASEAN Secretariat.

Thanks are due to Ana Pujianti, who provided secretarial support and assisted with the layout of this report.

Special thanks are due to Carlos Correa (University of Buenos Aires, Argentina), who kindly reviewed the final draft.

The ASEAN Workshop on the TRIPs Agreement and its Impact on Pharmaceuticals was organized by the Directorate General of Drug and Food Control, Ministry of Health, Indonesia, with financial and technical support from the World Health Organization and financial support from the Rockefeller Foundation.