Patent Situation of HIV/AIDS-related Drugs in 80 Countries (2000; 11 pages)  Table of Contents
Further readings
Information on broader aspects of access to HIV/AIDS related drugs and further information on intellectual property rights for pharmaceuticals are available in the following links and references.
• Questions and Answers on pharmaceuticals and the WTO TRIPS Agreement
• http://www.who.int/medicines/
• http://www.unaids.org/
Access to HIV/AIDS-related drugs
• Technical Up-date: Access to drugs addressing the main obstacles and challenges in improving access to drugs for people living with HIV. (UNAIDS Best practice Collection, 1998).
• Model Prescribing Information for the use of the drugs used in HIV-related infections. (WHO/DMP/DSI/99.2)
• Guidelines on Standard treatments and Essential Drugs for HIV-related conditions- Access to HIV-related Drugs (WHO/DAP, December 1997).
• “The implications of antiretroviral treatment” organised by WHO and UNAIDS (April 1997)
• Modules technical and policy guidance modules on antiretroviral treatments for health planners and policy makers (WHO/ASD/98.1, UNAIDS/98/7).
Intellectual property rights and pharmaceuticals • WHO/EDM. Globalization, patents and drugs - an annotated bibliography. Health Economics and Drugs EDM Series No. 9. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1999 (WHO/EDM/PAR/99.6).
• WHO/EDM. Globalization and access to drugs - perspectives on the WTO TRIPS Agreement. Health Economics and Drugs EDM Series No.7. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1999 (WHO/EDM/98.9 Revised).
• Otten A. The implications of the TRIPS Agreement for the protection of pharmaceutical inventions. WHO Drug Information. 1997(11): 1.
• UNCTAD. The TRIPS Agreement and developing countries. Geneva: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development; 1996. UNCTAD/ITE/1.
• South Centre. The TRIPs Agreement - a guide for the South. Geneva: South Centre; 1997.
• IFPMA. The Question of patents. Geneva: International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations; 1998.
• Health Action International. Power, patents and pills - an examination of GATT/WTO policies and essential drug policies. Seminar Report. Amsterdam: HAI-Europe; 1997.
Drug |
Patent owner |
Basic Patent priority date |
Max. 20 years patent protection |
US patent expiry date |
French or Europ. patent expiry date |
Countries where similar patents have been filed or granted |
Anti-infective drugs |
albendazole |
SmithKline |
19 Jun 74 |
19 Jun 1995 |
19 Jun 94, but excl. marketing rights until 11 Jun 2003 (as an orphan drug) |
N/A |
Australia, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, Portugal, USSR, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US, Yugoslavia |
azythromycin |
Pliva |
6 Mar 81 |
6 Mar 2002 |
14 May 2002, ext. until Nov 2005 (+ 1267 days) |
Fr 1 Mar 2002, ext. until 3 Apr 2006 (MA) |
Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Rep., France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US, USSR, Yugoslavia |
| |
Pfizer |
9 July 87 |
9 July 2008 |
N/A |
EP 28 Jun 2008 |
ARIPO, Australia, Bosnia, Canada, China, Cyprus, Czech Rep., Denmark, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, ES, FR, GB, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE), Finland, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, OAPI, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Yugoslavia |
ceftriaxone |
Roche |
30 May 78 |
30 May 1999 |
27 Apr. 99 |
EP 30 May 1999 |
Australia, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, FR, IT, LU, NL, SE), Finland, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Korea, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Kenya, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Malaysia, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, OAPI, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Sweden, UK, US, USSR, Yugoslavia. |
5Countries in bold are those where a patent was granted (Derwent database), as compared with other countries where data are available regarding patent applications only (Derwent + European Patent Office website).
6European patents, granted by the European Patent Office (Munich) may have effect in up to 18 European countries (Austria - AT, Belgium - BE, Denmark - DK, Finland - FI, France - FR, Germany - DE, Greece - GR, Ireland - IE, Italy - IT, Liechtenstein - LI, Luxembourg - LU, Monaco - MO, Netherlands - NL, Portugal - PT, Spain - ES, Sweden - SE, Switzerland - CH, United Kingdom - GB).
Drug |
Patent owner |
Basic Patent priority date (origin) |
Max. 20 years patent protection |
US patent expiry date |
French or Europ. patent expiry date |
Countries where similar patents have been filed or granted |
cidofovir |
Czech. Academy |
18 Jul 86 |
18 Jul 2007 |
26 June 2010 (14 years after MA) |
EP 17 Jul 2007 |
Australia, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, ES, FR, GB, GR, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE), Finland, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Portugal, South Africa, US |
ciprofloxacin |
Bayer |
3 Sept 80 |
3 Sept 2001 |
9 Dec 2003 (?) |
EP 21 Aug 2001 Fr ext. until 29 Oct 2004 |
Australia, Cyprus, Denmark, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, FR, GB, IT, LI, NL, SE), Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Kenya, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, US |
clarithromycin |
Taisho |
4 Jun 80 |
4 Jun 2001 |
19 Jun 2001, ext. until Jun 2005 (+ 1465 days) |
EP 27 May 2001 Fr ext. until 26 May 2008 (7 years) |
EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, FR, GB, IT, LI, NL, SE), Japan, US |
fluconazole |
Pfizer |
6 Jun 1981 |
6 Jun 2002 |
1 Jun 2002, ext. until 29 Jan 2004 (14 years after MA) |
EP 22 Apr 2002, Fr ext. until 7 Mar 2005 (MA) |
Australia, Bosnia, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, FR, GB, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE), Finland, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Portugal, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, US, USSR Yugoslavia |
foscarnet |
Astra |
1 Jul 76 |
1 Jul 1997 |
29 Jul 97, ext. until 6 June 2000 (+ 1042 days) |
Fr 30 Jun 97, ext. until 29 Jun 2002 (5 years) |
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, UK, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, US |
ganciclovir |
Syntex |
21 May 81 |
21 May 2002 |
21 May 2001, ext. until 23 Jun 2003 (14 years after MA) |
EP 19 May 2002 |
Australia, Brazil, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, FR, GB, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE), Finland, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, USSR, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, US |
itraconazole |
Janssen |
23 Jun 78 |
23 Jun 99 |
23 Jun 98, ext. until 23 Jun 2000 (2 years) |
EP 13 Jun 99 Fr ext. until 12 Jun 2006 (7 years) |
Australia, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, FR, GB, IT, LU, LI, SE), Finland, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Israel, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, USSR, Singapore, South Africa, US, Yugoslavia |
ivermectin |
Merck |
16 Dec 74 |
16 Dec 95 |
Expired ? |
N/A |
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, OAPI, Philippines, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US, Yugoslavia |
rifabutin |
Archifar |
13 Jun 75 |
13 Jun 96 |
26 Aug 97, ext. until July 2000 (+ 1406 days) |
Fr 14 Jun 96, ext. until 13 June 2001 (5 years) |
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, USSR, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US, Yugoslavia |
Antiretrovirals |
delavirdine |
Upjohn |
28 Dec 89 |
28 Dec 2010 |
8 Oct 2013 (17 years, numerous patents) |
EP 24 Dec 2010 |
Australia, Canada, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE), Hong Kong, Hungary, Japan, Latvia, Mexico, Russia, US |
didanosine |
Wellcome Found |
15 May 85 |
15 May 2006 |
|
EP 14 May 2006 |
Australia, Canada, Denmark, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, FR, GB, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE), Finland, Greece, Hungary, Japan, New Zealand, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, US |
| |
US Gov. |
26 Aug 85 |
26 Aug 2006 |
29 Aug 2006 (17 years) |
EP 21 Aug 2006 Fr ext. until 4 May 2009 |
Australia, Canada, Cyprus, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, FR, GB, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE), Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, US |
efavirenz |
Merck |
7 Aug 92 |
7 Aug 2013 |
7 Aug 2012 |
EP 3 Aug 2013? |
Australia, Bulgaria, Brazil, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Rep., EP, Finland, Hungary, Israel, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Romania, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, US |
indinavir |
Merck |
8 Nov 91 |
8 Nov 2012 |
7 May 2013 (20 years) |
EP 2 Nov 2012 |
Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Rep, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LI, LU, NL, PT, SE), Finland, Hong Kong, Hungary, Israel, Japan, Latvia, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Taiwan, US |
lamivudine |
IAF Biochem. |
8 Feb 89 |
8 Feb 2010 |
8 Feb 2009 |
EP 8 Feb 2010 Fr ext. until 7 Aug 2011 (15 years after MA) |
ARIPO, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Rep., EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE), Finland, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Norway, New Zealand, OAPI, Portugal, Russia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, US, Yugoslavia |
nelfinavir |
Agouron |
7 Oct 93 |
7 Oct 2014 |
7 Oct 2013 |
EP 7 Oct 2014 |
Australia, ARIPO, Bulgaria, Brazil, Canada, China, Czech Rep., EP, Finland, Hungary, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, US |
nevirapine |
Boehringer |
17 Nov 89 |
17 Nov 2010 |
22 Nov 2011 (17 years, numerous patents) |
EP 16 Nov 2010 |
Australia, ARIPO, Canada, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE), Finland, Hungary, Israel, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, OAPI, Portugal, Russia, Singapore, US, South Africa |
ritonavir |
Abbott |
29 Dec 92 |
29 Dec 2013 |
29 Dec 2012 |
EP 16 Dec 2013 |
Australia, Brazil, Canada, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LI, LU, NL, PT, SE), Hong Kong, Hungary, Israel, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, US |
saquinavir |
Roche |
11 Dec 89 |
11 Dec 2010 |
19 Nov 2010 (20 years) |
EP 10 Dec 2010 Fr ext. until 3 Oct 2011 (15 years after MA) |
Australia, Brazil, Canada, Czech Rep., China, Croatia, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GR, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE), Finland, Hong Kong, Hungary, Korea, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Latvia, Malawi, Mexico, Malta, Monaco, New Zealand, Norway, OAPI, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, UK, US, Zimbabwe |
stavudine |
Yale University |
17 Dec 86 |
17 Dec 2007 |
25 Jun 2008 (ext. /MA) |
EP 11 Dec 2007 Fr ext. until 8 May 2011 (15 years from MA) |
Australia, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, ES, FR, GB, GR, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE), Finland, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Philippines, Portugal, US, South Africa |
zalcitabine |
US Gov. |
26 Aug 85 |
26 Aug 2006 |
7 Nov 2006 (17 years) |
EP 21 Aug 2006 Fr ext. until 1 Dec 2008 (15 years from MA) |
Australia, Canada, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, FR, GB, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE), Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, US |
zidovudine |
Glaxo |
16 Mar 85 |
16 Mar 2006 |
17 Sept 2005 (20 years) |
EP 14 Mar 2006 |
ARIPO, Australia, Canada, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, FR, GB, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE), Finland, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Monaco, New Zealand, Philippines, Portugal, Singapore, South Africa, US |
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