Fixed-dose combination therapy may be a critical component of any efforts to solve the AMR crisis. Combinations make therapeutic sense for HIV, TB and malaria although the evidence for the utility of combinations in this regard is still largely circumstantial. Evidence for suppression of resistance by antimalarial combinations first arose during animal model studies beginning over 20 years ago⁴⁵ (and references cited therein). Formal proof in humans will be difficult to obtain. More field evidence is required outside of the TB and malaria contexts. The spread of antimicrobial resistance is unrelenting. It is a global crisis and already is adversely affecting public health. Comprehensive action is urgently needed.