Income level

1= low income, 2= middle income, 3= high income. Income classification is based on the World Bank classification of countries (valid through to July 2000) as reported in the Human Development Report 2000 (UNDP). High income countries are those with GNP per capita of US $9,361; middle income have a GNP per capita between $761 and $9360; and low income countries have a GNP per capita of $760 or less. All income figures relate to 1998.

Disability-adjusted life expectancy

Data show rankings of countries from 1 to 191 in terms of expectation of life lived in equivalent full health (estimates for 1997). The country ranked 1 (Japan) has the longest expectation of disability-free life, the country ranked 191 (Sierra Leone) the shortest. Data reprinted from The World Health Report 2000: Health Systems - Improving Performance. World Health Organization, Geneva. Details of estimation methods can be found in: Estimates of DALE for 191 Countries by Mathers, C and others, http://www.google.com/u/who?q=estimates+of+DALE&sitesearch=who.int&domains=who.int

Production

Data show estimated production values in US$ for 1985, 1991 and 1997 using the Standard Industrial Trade Classification Revision 1 code 54. Based primarily on UNIDO data reported in Balance, R Pogany, J and Forster, H, The World’s Pharmaceutical Industries, UNIDO, 1992, with projections to 1991 and 1997 based on trends 1975-1990. Supplemented by data from OECD health database and from data supplied by the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations, and individual country estimates, where available.

Imports and exports

Data show imports and exports in US $ for 1985, 1991 and 1997 using SITC 3 code 54 “medicinal and pharmaceutical products”. Data source was United Nations Statistics Division Comtrade database (customized study) and International Trade Centre.

Total sales

Data show total sales for selected countries for 1990 and 2000. Sales data in US $ at exchange rate values in effect at time of sale. Licensed brands are defined as sales of products manufactured and marketed by a company under a licensing agreement with the originating corporation. Original brands are medicines marketed by the originating corporation. Other brands are branded products marketed by a company that is not the originator. A branded product in this context has its own (non-generic) name and registered trademark. Unbranded products are marketed under the generic name for the molecule rather than their own brand name (registered trademark). Patent n/a means patent status was not available. Source: IMS Health, IMS MIDAS Customized study, February 2001.

Pharmaceuticals expenditure data

Data estimates are all in US $ at average exchange rate values for the years 1995 and 2000. Columns 1 and 2 show per capita health expenditure from all sources; columns 3 and 4 show total expenditure on pharmaceuticals (all sources) as a percentage of total health expenditure. Columns 5 and 6 show total per capita expenditure on pharmaceuticals. The following columns show government and private sources of pharmaceuticals expenditure in per capita terms. The final column shows private health expenditure as a percentage of total health spending. All estimates are from the WHO National Health Accounts database.

Data from world medicines survey 1999

This questionnaire survey of all WHO Member States is the source of data for all remaining columns in the annex. Columns 1 and 2 show estimates of the proportion of the population with access to affordable essential medicines, the first figure being the respondent’s single point estimate, the second being the broader range which is used in the analysis in Chapter 7. Columns 3-4 summarize responses on the status of national policy on medicines. Columns 5 and 6 summarize responses on the implementation of national medicines policies. The following columns summarize responses: on the existence and actions of national medicines regulatory bodies; on selected aspects of quality assurance; and on tendering and procurement practice. The next 2 columns identify the year in which standard treatment guidelines were last updated and whether, and at what levels essential medicine training is part of health worker training. The final column brings together responses on price regulation practices.