Conventional infrared spectrometers disperse the infrared radiation by means of either gratings or prisms. The development of computerized laboratory equipment provides the additional option of using an interferometer coupled to a computer for the reduction of the data, by performing a Fourier transformation of the interferogram, to generate an infrared spectrum. These instruments are called Fourier transform infrared spectrometers (FTIRs). Apart from small differences in the low-frequency cut-off, all of the above types of infrared instruments generate comparable data and can generally be used interchangeably for qualitative analyses. However, each instrument will possess specific signal-to-noise and resolution characteristics.

Spectrophotometers suitable for use for identification tests should normally operate in the range 4000-600 cm^-1 (2.5-16.7 µm) or in some cases up to 250 cm^-1 (40 µm). If the attenuated total reflectance technique is to be used, the instrument must be equipped with a suitable attachment consisting of a single or multireflecting element. The attachment and a suitable mounting should permit its alignment in the spectrophotometer for maximum transmission.