Expected Outcomes and Indicators WMS 2004 - 2007 |
1999 |
1999 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
2007 |
| |
# Reporting |
% |
Target |
# Reporting |
% |
Target |
EO 1.1 Medicines policies developed, updated and implemented taking into consideration health, development, and intersectoral policies to achieve maximum impact |
Countries with an official national medicines policy document - new or updated within the last 10 years |
67/152 |
44% |
55% |
62/123 |
50% |
59% |
Countries with a national medicines policy implementation plan - new or updated within the last 5 years |
41/106 |
39% |
43% |
49/103 |
48% |
61% |
EO 1.2 Implementation of medicines policy regularly monitored and evaluated, providing data that can be used in adjusting policy and interventions to improve access to medicines |
Countries having conducted a national assessment of their pharmaceutical situation in the last 4 years |
na |
na |
na |
47/90 |
52% |
58% |
EO 1.3 Public health aspects protected in the negotiation and implementation of international, regional and bilateral trade agreements through inter-country collaboration and legislative steps to safeguard access to essential medicines |
Countries integrating TRIPS Agreement flexibilities into national legislation to protect public health |
na |
na |
na |
32/105 |
30% |
45% |
EO 1.4 Human resources capacity increased in the pharmaceutical sector through education and training programmes to develop capacity and to motivate and retain personnel in sufficient numbers within a clearly defined and organized structure |
Countries that provide both basic and continuing education programmes for pharmacists |
54/85 |
64% |
na |
34/110 |
31% |
35% |
EO 1.5 Promotion of innovation based on public health needs, especially for neglected diseases, through policies and actions creating a favourable environment for innovation of medically needed new medicines |
Countries promoting research and development of new active substances |
na |
na |
na |
21/114 |
18% |
22% |
EO 1.6 Gender perspectives introduced in the implementation of medicines policies by identifying gender differences in access to and rational use of medicines and supporting women in their central role in health care |
Countries providing free medicines for pregnant women at primary public health facilities |
na |
na |
na |
54/106 |
51% |
60% |
EO 1.7 Access to essential medicines recognized as a human right via advocacy and policy guidance to recognize and monitor access to essential medicines as part of the right to health |
Countries that provide HIV/AIDS-related medicines free at primary public health facilities |
na |
na |
na |
60/104 |
58% |
65% |
EO 1.8 Ethical practices promoted and anti-corruption measures identified and implemented in the pharmaceutical sector, using the experience of successful programmes addressing aspects of corruption encountered in the pharmaceutical sector |
Countries with medicines legislation requiring transparency, accountability and code of conduct for regulatory work |
na |
na |
na |
84/114 |
74% |
80% |
EO 2.1 TM/CAM integrated in national health care systems where appropriate by developing and implementing national TM/CAM policies and programmes |
Countries with national TM policy |
25 |
na |
na |
39/127* |
31%* |
37% |
EO 2.2 Safety, efficacy and quality of TM/CAM enhanced through expanding the knowledge base on safety, efficacy and quality of TM/CAM and providing guidance on regulation and quality assurance standards |
Countries regulating herbal medicines |
48 |
na |
na |
82/127* |
65%* |
75% |
EO 2.3 Availability and affordability of TM/CAM enhanced through measures aiming to protect and preserve TM knowledge and national resources for their sustainable use |
Countries with a national inventory of medicinal plants as a means to provide intellectual property rights protection for traditional medical knowledge |
na |
na |
na |
9/39 |
23% |
33% |
EO 2.4 Rational use of TM/CAM by providers and consumers by promoting therapeutically sound use of appropriate TM/CAM |
Countries with national research institute in the field of TM/CAM |
19 |
na |
na |
56/127* |
44%* |
51% |
EO 3.1 Access to essential medicines improved, including medicines for HIV/AIDS, malaria, TB, childhood illnesses, and noncommunicable diseases |
Countries where less than 50% of the population has access to essential medicines |
29/184 |
16% |
14% |
15/103 |
15% |
14% |
EO 3.2 Public funding of medicines increased through increased organizational capacity to implement sustainable drug financing strategies and systems |
Countries with public spending on medicines below US$2 per person per year |
38/103 |
37% |
35% |
24/80 |
30% |
20% |
EO 3.3 Development assistance increased for access to medicines, including the Global Fund |
Percentage of key medicines available in public health facilities |
na |
na |
na |
221 |
772 |
na |
EO 3.4 Medicines benefits promoted within social health insurance and prepayment schemes |
Countries with public health insurance covering the cost of medicines |
71/111 |
64% |
70% |
79/117 |
68% |
73% |
EO 3.5 Medicine pricing policies and price information promoted to improve affordability of essential medicines |
Countries with a pricing policy for maximum retail mark-up in the private sector |
na |
na |
na |
36/75 |
48% |
55% |
EO 3.6 Competition and generic policies implemented along with guidelines for maximizing competition in procurement practices |
Countries in which generic substitution is allowed in private pharmacies |
83/135 |
61% |
75% |
99/132 |
75% |
81% |
EO 4.1 Supply systems assessed and successful strategies promoted to identify weaknesses in the supply systems and improve the performance and functioning of national medicines supply systems |
Countries with public sector procurement limited to national essential medicines list |
71/133 |
53% |
60% |
84/127 |
66% |
74% |
EO 4.2 Medicines supply management improved through training programmes and career development plans to increase capacity and reduce staff turnover |
Countries providing continuing education to pharmacists and pharmacy aides/assistants |
39/103 |
38% |
na |
31/111 |
28% |
32% |
EO 4.3 Local production assessed and strengthened, on the basis of policy guidance to create a favourable environment for government or international support to domestic production of selected essential medicines |
Countries with local production capability |
na |
na |
na |
36/122 |
30% |
na |
EO 4.4 Procurement practices and purchasing efficiency improved through guidance on good procurement practices, medicines management information support, and work with countries to strengthen efficient procurement procedures |
Countries with at least 75% of public sector procurement carried out by competitive tender |
81/88 |
92% |
95% |
58/70 |
83% |
87% |
EO 4.5 Public-interest NGOs included in medicine supply strategies, in support of national medicine supply strategies to reach remote areas |
Countries with NGOs involved in medicines supply |
na |
na |
na |
29/64 |
45% |
na |
EO 5.1 Pharmaceutical norms, standards and guidelines developed or updated to promote good practice in regulatory matters |
Countries using the WHO Certification Scheme as part of the marketing authorization process |
na |
na |
na |
87/135 |
64% |
75% |
EO 5.2 Medicines nomenclature and classification efforts continued through assignment, promotion and protection of international nonproprietary names, and the promotion and development of ATC/DDD system. |
Countries using INNs in medicines registration. |
na |
na |
na |
108/131 |
82% |
90% |
EO 5.3 Pharmaceutical specifications and reference materials developed and maintained for use in quality control laboratories and publications in the International Pharmacopoeia |
Number and types of pharmaceutical specifications and reference materials developed by WHO HQ |
na |
na |
105 |
96 |
na |
50 |
EO 5.4 Achieving balance between abuse prevention and appropriate access to psychoactive substances through enhancing the implementation of relevant guidelines to promote rational use of controlled medicines |
Number of substances reviewed and recommended for classification for international control |
2/3. |
66% |
na |
5/5. |
100% |
80% |
EO 6.1 Medicines regulation effectively implemented and monitored as the capacity of staff is increased through training activities resulting in better knowledge, organization, financing, and management |
Countries implementing basic medicines regulatory functions |
70/138 |
51% |
56% |
90/130 |
69% |
74% |
EO 6.2 Information management and exchange systems promoted and made accessible through shared databases. Basic regulatory information made available to the general public |
Countries with a computerized medicines registration system |
na |
na |
na |
72/135 |
53% |
60% |
EO 6.3 Good practices in medicine regulation and quality assurance systems to ensure that product quality is maintained in production, clinical trials, supply and distribution |
Countries with basic quality assurance procedures |
95/122 |
78% |
80% |
111/137 |
81% |
85% |
EO 6.4 Post-marketing surveillance of medicine safety maintained and strengthened through the ongoing development of pharmacovigilance centres and their involvement in international adverse drug reaction monitoring systems |
Countries monitoring adverse drug reactions |
56/191 |
29% |
35% |
72/192 |
38% |
45% |
EO 6.5 Use of substandard and counterfeit medicines reduced as a result of the development and application of effective strategies to detect the existence and combat the production and circulation of such products |
Countries with >10% of tested medicines failing quality tests |
na |
na |
na |
20/71 |
28% |
25% |
EO 6.6 Prequalification (initial assessment, ongoing monitoring and prequalification) of products and manufacturers of medicines for priority diseases; and of quality control laboratories, as appropriate, through procedures and guidelines appropriate for this activity |
Number of products assessed and approved |
na |
na |
na |
93 |
na |
na |
EO 6.7 Safety of new priority and neglected medicines enhanced through training workshops and increased capacity to assess safety issues |
Countries participating in training programmes for introducing new therapies for priority and neglected diseases, e.g. malaria and AIDS |
0 |
na |
na |
7 |
na |
20 |
EO 6.8 Regulatory harmonization monitored and promoted as appropriate, and networking initiatives developed, to facilitate and improve regulatory processes in countries |
Number of countries participating in harmonization initiatives supported financially and technically by WHO |
na |
na |
na |
15/191 |
8% |
18% |
EO 7.1 Rational use of medicines by health professionals and consumers advocated |
Countries where the promotion of the rational use of medicines is coordinated at the national government level |
na |
na |
na |
93/127 |
73% |
75% |
EO 7.2 Essential medicines list, clinical guidelines and formulary process developed and promoted |
Countries with national list of essential medicines updated within the last 5 years |
129/175 |
74% |
75% |
82/114 |
72% |
75% |
Countries with treatment guidelines updated within the last 5 years |
60/90 |
67% |
70% |
47/76 |
62% |
65% |
EO 7.3 Independent and reliable medicines information identified, disseminated and promoted |
Countries with a national medicines information centre able to provide independent information on medicines to prescribers and/or dispensers |
62/123 |
50% |
59% |
53/129 |
41% |
50% |
Countries with a medicines information centre/service accessible to consumers |
na |
na |
na |
45/127 |
35% |
40% |
EO 7.4 Responsible ethical medicines promotion for health professionals and consumers encouraged |
Countries with basic system for regulating pharmaceutical promotion |
92/132 |
70% |
80% |
83/113 |
73% |
76% |
EO 7.5 Consumer education enhanced in recognition of the growing significance of self-medication and of consumer access to knowledge and advice of variable quality |
Countries that have implemented a national consumer education campaign in the last two years |
na |
na |
na |
72/120 |
60% |
60% |
EO 7.6 Drug and therapeutics committees promoted at institutional and district/national levels |
Countries with DTCs in the majority of regions/provinces |
na |
na |
na |
32/96 |
33% |
40% |
EO 7.7 Training in good prescribing and dispensing practices promoted |
Countries that include the concept of essential medicines in basic curricula for medicine and/or pharmacy |
na |
na |
na |
72/88 |
82% |
85% |
EO 7.8 Practical approaches to contain antimicrobial resistance developed based on the WHO Global Strategy to Contain Antimicrobial Resistance |
Countries with national strategy to contain antimicrobial resistance |
na |
na |
na |
37/113 |
33% |
40% |
EO 7.9 Identification and promotion of cost-effective strategies to promote rational use of medicines |
Countries that have undertaken a national assessment/study of the rational use of medicines |
na |
na |
na |
57/97 |
59% |
60% |
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