WHO Guidelines on Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACP) for Medicinal Plants: Bibliography

WHO Guidelines on Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACP) for Medicinal Plants
(2003; 80 pages) [French] [Spanish]

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements
Foreword
1. General introduction
	1.1. Background
	1.2. Objectives
	1.3. Structure
	1.4. Glossary
		1.4.1. Terms relating to herbal medicines:
		1.4.2. Terms relating to medicinal plant cultivation and collection activities:
2. Good agricultural practices for medicinal plants
	2.1. Identification/authentication of cultivated medicinal plants
		2.1.1. Selection of medicinal plants
		2.1.2. Botanical identity
		2.1.3. Specimens
	2.2. Seeds and other propagation materials
	2.3. Cultivation
		2.3.1. Site selection
		2.3.2. Ecological environment and social impact
		2.3.3. Climate
		2.3.4. Soil
		2.3.5. Irrigation and drainage
		2.3.6. Plant maintenance and protection
	2.4. Harvest
	2.5. Personnel
3. Good collection practices for medicinal plants
	3.1. Permission to collect
	3.2. Technical planning
	3.3. Selection of medicinal plants for collection
	3.4. Collection
	3.5. Personnel
4. Common technical aspects of good agricultural practices for medicinal plants and good collection practices for medicinal plants
	4.1. Post-harvest processing
		4.1.1. Inspection and sorting
		4.1.2. Primary processing
		4.1.3. Drying
		4.1.4. Specific processing
		4.1.5. Processing facilities
	4.2. Bulk packaging and labelling
	4.3. Storage and transportation
	4.4. Equipment
		4.4.1. Materials
		4.4.2. Design, construction and installation
		4.4.3. Identification
	4.5. Quality assurance
	4.6. Documentation
	4.7. Personnel (growers, collectors, producers, handlers, processors)
		4.7.1. General
		4.7.2. Health, hygiene and sanitation
5. Other relevant issues
	5.1. Ethical and legal considerations
		5.1.1. Intellectual property rights and benefits-sharing
		5.1.2. Threatened and endangered species
	5.2. Research needs
Bibliography
Annex 1. Good Agricultural Practice for Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, People's Republic of China
Annex 2. Points to Consider on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice for Starting Materials of Herbal Origin
	1. Introduction
	2. General
	3. Quality assurance
	4. Personnel and education
	5. Building and facilities
	6. Equipment
	7. Documentation
	8. Seeds and propagation material
	9. Cultivation
	10. Collection
	11. Harvest
	12. Primary processing
	13. Packaging
	14. Storage and distribution
	Glossary
Annex 3. Good Agricultural and Collection Practices for Medicinal Plants (GACP), Japan
Annex 4. A model structure for monographs on good agricultural practices for specific medicinal plants
Annex 5. Sample record for cultivated medicinal plants
Annex 6. Participants in the WHO Consultation on Good Agricultural and Field Collection Practices for Medicinal Plants

Bibliography

(1) WHO Traditional Medicines Strategy: 2002 - 2005. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2002 (document WHO/EDM/TRM/2002.1).

(2) Good Manufacturing Practices for pharmaceutical products: main principles. In: WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations. Thirty-seventh report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003, Annex 4 (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 908).

(3) Good manufacturing practices: supplementary guidelines for manufacture of herbal medicinal products. In: WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations. Thirty-fourth report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1996, Annex 8 (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 863). (These guidelines are also included in Quality Assurance of Pharmaceuticals: A compendium of guidelines and related materials, Vol. 2: Good manufacturing practices and inspection. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1999.)

(4) Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1998.

(5) Guide to good storage practices for pharmaceuticals. In: WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations. Thirty-seventh report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003, Annex 9 (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 908).

(6) Good trade and distribution practices (GTDP) for pharmaceutical starting materials. In: WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations. Thirty-eighth report. Geneva, World Health Organization, in press, Annex 2 (WHO Technical Report Series).

(7) General guidelines for methodologies on research and evaluation of traditional medicine. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2000 (document WHO/EDM/TRM/2000.1).

(8) Guidelines for the assessment of herbal medicines. In: WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations. Thirty-fourth report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1996, Annex 11 (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 863). (These guidelines are also included in Quality Assurance of Pharmaceuticals. A compendium of guidelines and related materials, Vol. 1. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1997.)

(9) WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants, Vol. 1. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1999.

(10) WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants, Vol. 2. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2002.

(11) Report of the Inter-Regional Workshop on Intellectual Property Rights in the Context of Traditional Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand, 6-8 December 2000. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2001 (document reference WHO/EDM/TRM/2001.1).

(12) WHO/IUCN/WWF Guidelines on the conservation of medicinal plants. Gland, Switzerland, IUCN - The World Conservation Union (formerly known as the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources), 1993 (currently being updated).

(13) Codex Alimentarius Code of Practice - General Principles of Food Hygiene, 2^nd ed. Rome, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, 2001 (document Codex Alimentarius GL 33).

(14) Codex Alimentarius Guidelines on production, processing, labelling and marketing of organically produced foods. Rome, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, 2001 (document Codex Alimentarius GL 32-1999, Rev. 1-2001).

(15) Codex Alimentarius Code of hygienic practice for spices and dried aromatic plants. Rome, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, 1995 (document Codex Alimentarius CAC/RCP 42-1995).

(16) Youngken, HW. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, 6^th ed. Philadelphia, Blakiston, 1950.

(17) Cultivation of medicinal plants and quality control, Vols. 1-10. Tokyo, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Ed. Yakuji Nippo, 1992-2001 (in Japanese).