AFRO

WHO Regional Office for Africa

AIDS

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

DND

Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative

ECHR

European Court of Human Rights

ECJ

European Court of Justice

ESCWA

Economic and Social Commission for Western Africa

EU

European Union

FDA

Food and Drug Administration

GATS

General Agreement on Trade in Services

GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

HAI

Health Action International

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

IFPMA

International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations

IPP

intellectual property protection

IPR

intellectual property rights

MSF

Médecins sans Frontières

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement

NGO

nongovernmental organization

NOC

notice of compliance

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OTC

over-the-counter (drug)

PCT

Patent Cooperation Treaty

PPP

public-private partnerships

R&D

research and development

S&T

science and technology

SEARO

WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia

SPS

Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (Agreement on)

TBT

Technical Barriers to Trade (Agreement on)

TDR

UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases

TRIPS

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

TRM

traditional medicine

TWN

Third World Network

UNCTAD

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UPOV

International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants

WCC

World Council of Churches

WHO

World Health Organization

WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organization

WPRO

WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific

WTO

World Trade Organization