Effective Drug Regulation - A Multicountry Study and Annex 1: Guide for Data Collection to Assess Drug Regulatory Performance: 4. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK: 4.3 OTHER NON-REGULATORY PHARMACEUTICAL FUNCTIONS

Effective Drug Regulation - A Multicountry Study and Annex 1: Guide for Data Collection to Assess Drug Regulatory Performance
(2002; 187 pages)

Table of Contents

ACRONYMS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. DRUG REGULATION: OBJECTIVES AND ISSUES
	1.1 DRUGS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
	1.2 CONTROLLING PRIVATE BEHAVIOUR FOR PUBLIC PURPOSES
	1.3 OBJECTIVES AND ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT
2. MULTICOUNTRY STUDY ON EFFECTIVE DRUG REGULATION
	2.1 PROJECT RATIONALE AND DEVELOPMENT
	2.2 STUDY OBJECTIVES
	2.3 METHOD OF STUDY
	2.4 DRUG REGULATION FROM A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
3. PROFILE OF THE COUNTRIES
	3.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND
	3.2 POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
	3.3 PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR ENVIRONMENT
4. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
	4.1 MISSIONS AND GOALS OF DRUG REGULATION
	4.2 DOMAINS OF CONTROL
	4.3 OTHER NON-REGULATORY PHARMACEUTICAL FUNCTIONS
	4.4 NATIONAL DRUG POLICY
	4.5 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF DRUG REGULATION
5. REGULATORY CAPACITY
	5.1 LEGAL BASIS, ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND AUTHORITY
	5.2 HUMAN RESOURCES
	5.3 FINANCING DRUG REGULATION
	5.4 PLANNING, MONITORING AND EVALUATING IMPLEMENTATION
	5.5 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND STRENGTHS IDENTIFIED
	5.6 POLITICAL INFLUENCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY
6. LICENSING OF MANUFACTURING, DISTRIBUTION AND RETAIL SALE
	6.1 POWER AND PROCESS
	6.2 HUMAN RESOURCES
	6.3 PAYING FOR LICENSING
	6.4 PERFORMANCE
7. INSPECTION AND SURVEILLANCE
	7.1 POWER AND PROCESS: COMPARING STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES
	7.2 HUMAN RESOURCES
	7.3 PAYING FOR INSPECTION
	7.4 PLANNING, PROCESS AND PERFORMANCE
8. PRODUCT ASSESSMENT AND REGISTRATION
	8.1 POWER AND PROCESS
	8.2 HUMAN RESOURCES
	8.3 PAYING FOR REGISTRATION
	8.4 PERFORMANCE
	8.5 ADVERSE DRUG REACTION MONITORING
	8.6 CLINICAL TRIALS
9. CONTROL OF DRUG PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING
	9.1 POWER AND PROCESS: COMPARING STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES
	9.2 PERFORMANCE
10. DRUG QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORY
	10.1 POWER AND PROCESS
	10.2 HUMAN RESOURCES
	10.3 PAYING FOR QUALITY CONTROL
	10.4 PERFORMANCE
11. ASSESSING REGULATORY PERFORMANCE
	11.1 ASSESSING GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONS: AN ESSENTIAL PART OF POLICY-MAKING
	11.2 MONITORING AND EVALUATION SYSTEM
	11.3 MONITORING AND EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DRUG REGULATION
	11.4 MONITORING AND EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF DRUG REGULATION
	11.5 MONITORING AND EVALUATING THE ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY OF DRUG regulation
	11.6 AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION FOR ASSESSMENT
12. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE DRUG REGULATION
	12.1 CONCLUSIONS RELATED TO REGULATORY STRUCTURES
	12.2 CONCLUSIONS RELATED TO REGULATORY PROCESSES
	12.3 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE DRUG REGULATION
ANNEX 1: GUIDE FOR DATA COLLECTION TO ASSESS DRUG REGULATORY PERFORMANCE
	1. Background information
	2. Drug regulation: overview
	3. Regulatory functions
		3.1 Licensing: persons, premises and practices
		3.2 Inspection and surveillance
			3.2.1 GMP inspection
			3.2.2 Inspection of distribution channels
		3.3 Product assessment and registration
		3.4 Adverse drug reaction monitoring
		3.5 Clinical trials
		3.6 Control of drug promotion and advertising
		3.7 Drug quality control laboratory

4.3 OTHER NON-REGULATORY PHARMACEUTICAL FUNCTIONS

Some governments not only regulate, but also manufacture, purchase and distribute drugs.

Cuba, Cyprus, Tunisia and Venezuela have government pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities operating as public enterprises. Cuba has over 50 pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities throughout the country. In Cyprus, the Pharmaceutical Laboratory has a manufacturing unit that is responsible for producing and repacking drugs for use in public hospitals and pharmacies. As stated above, products manufactured by the Laboratory do not need to be registered. The Ugandan Government undertakes manufacturing through its sole pharmaceutical public enterprise-the National Enterprises Corporation. Tunisia, by contrast, has a number of public enterprises that manufacture pharmaceuticals. In Venezuela, too, various Government organizations are responsible for producing various types of products for the health service.

The Australian and Malaysian governments currently do not undertake pharmaceutical manufacturing. Formerly, the Australian Government owned the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, but it privatized this operation in the early 1990s. Similarly, the Malaysian Government ended its role in pharmaceutical manufacturing in 1993. In view of the trend towards privatization of public enterprise, more governments can be expected to follow the examples of Australia and Malaysia.