The mean scores of questions X, Y and Z are given in Annex 3 and illustrated in Figure 2. At T1 (problem X) no difference was found between the study group and controls (total mean score 9.63 vs 10.24). At T2 (problem Y) the study group scored better than controls in four steps of the problem solving routine; the total mean score was 11.89 vs 9.58. With problem Z at T3 the study group scored better than controls in three out of six items with a total mean score of 11.66 vs 10.17.

Figure 1 Scores for open questions A-A-A (retention effect) and A-B-C (transfer effect). Each panel represents one step of the problem solving routine.

Figure 2 Scores for closed questions X-Y-Z (knowledge on drug treatment of pain). Each panel represents one step of the problem solving routine.