The study was conducted in Arusha and Dar es Salaam. Arusha is situated in a highland area in the north of Tanzania and has a population of almost 1.3 million, while Dar es Salaam lies in the coastal region and has a population of almost 2.5 million (National Bureau of Statistics, United Republic of Tanzania, 2003). These two cities were chosen because they had already been providing ARVs for at least three months at the time of the study. Arusha is a major tourist city which is known as the "Geneva of Africa" because it hosts many national and international conferences and meetings. Dar es Salaam is the major commercial city in Tanzania, which attracts many people both from other parts of the country and from abroad.

Figure 2: Map of Tanzania showing the study areas of Arusha and Dar es Salaam

ARV adherence study sites shown by arrows.