Pharmaceuticals and Health Sector Reform in the Americas: An Economic Perspective: ACRONYMS

Pharmaceuticals and Health Sector Reform in the Americas: An Economic Perspective
(1998; 112 pages) [Spanish]

Table of Contents

	ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
	FOREWORD
	EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
	1. ESSENTIAL DRUGS IN CONTEXT: THE NEW SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH SECTOR REFORM
		1.1 SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
		1.2 REFORM OF HEALTH SYSTEMS
		1.3 PHARMACEUTICALS AND REFORM
		1.4 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
	2. CHANGING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ROLES IN HEALTH AND PHARMACEUTICALS¹
		2.1 REFORM AND CHANGING ROLES
		2.2 ORGANIZATION OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR
		2.3 PERSPECTIVES ON “PRIVATIZATION”
		2.4 THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN HEALTH CARE MARKETS
		2.5 ESSENTIAL STATE FUNCTIONS
		2.6 THE PUBLIC-PRIVATE DUALITY
		2.7 DECENTRALIZATION
		2.8 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
	3. DRUG FINANCING ALTERNATIVES
		3.1 HEALTH AND PHARMACEUTICAL EXPENDITURES
		3.2 FINANCE REFORM
		3.3 CONSIDERATIONS IN EVALUATING OPTIONS
		3.4 GOVERNMENT FINANCING FROM GENERAL REVENUE
		3.5 INSURANCE AND RELATED MECHANISMS
		3.6 USER FEES
		3.7 EXTERNAL SOURCES OF FINANCING
		3.8 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
	4. DRUG PRICING POLICIES
		4.1 PRICE AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND HEALTH SECTOR REFORM
		4.2 PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETS
		4.3 GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT
		4.4 PRICE CONTROL OPTIONS
		4.5 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
	5. DRUG GENERICS STRATEGIES
		5.1 GENERICS STRATEGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF REFORM
		5.2 CREATING SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES
		5.3 EXPERIENCES WITH GENERICS STRATEGIES
		5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
	6. THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF RATIONAL DRUG USE
		6.1 RATIONAL DRUG USE AND REFORM
		6.2 THE COST-BURDEN OF IRRATIONAL DRUG USE
		6.3 IMPROVING RATIONAL DRUG USE
		6.4 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
	7. CONCLUDING REMARKS
	REFERENCES
	FURTHER READING
	ACRONYMS

ACRONYMS

AIDS	Acquired Immundeficiency Syndrome
CHW	community health worker
DAP	Action Programme on Essential Drugs (World Health Organization)
EDC	Essential Drugs Concept
GATT	General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GDP	Gross Domestic Product
GMP	good manufacturing practices
LAC	Latin America and Caribbean
NDP	national drug policy
NGO	nongovernmental organization
PAHO	Pan American Health Organization
STD	sexually transmitted disease
TRIPS	Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property